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Flagship report
Apr 2025
Energy and AI AI for energy optimisation and innovation
AI can help optimise complex energy systems The energy system is complex and evolving. It is becoming increasingly electrified, digitalised, connected and decentralised, with mounting cost pressures. These drivers have encouraged energy companies to deploy applications that utilise artificial intelligence to optimise systems, improve production, reduce costs, raise efficiency, improve uptime, cut emissions and enhance safety. Many of the desired goals of AI’s application in the energy sector – such as cost reductions, enhanced reliability and improved resilience – are challenging to quantify at a broader sectoral level, beyond the confines of individual case studies. It is also challenging to predict…
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Contributor
Andrew O'Callaghan
Senior Policy and Programme Evaluator, Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). Andrew O’Callaghan is a Senior Policy and Programme Evaluator at the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). He works on developing evidence and data models to assess the impact of national retrofit and energy efficiency programmes. Andrew has a background in applied psychology and carbon management, and has previously worked in behavioural economics and energy modelling. His work supports the design of more effective and inclusive policies to advance Ireland’s climate and energy goals.
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Contributor
Elizabeth Connelly
Energy Technology and Transport Analyst. Elizabeth Connelly leads the transport analysis within the Energy Technology Policy Division and coordinates the Global EV Outlook report series.
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Fuel report
Jun 2026
Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Executive summary
The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted global production and trade of hydrogen-based products The Middle East is a major producer of hydrogen-based products, and the conflict has strongly impacted their production. The Middle East is home to around one-sixth of global hydrogen production, the majority dedicated to the production of chemicals, fertilisers and refined oil products. The region accounts for more than 10% of global refining capacity, ammonia and urea production, and close to 17% of methanol production. Several refineries and petrochemical plants have halted operations due to supply disruptions and the impossibility of exporting…
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Contributor
Anders Hoffmann
IEA Governing Board Chair, Deputy Permanent Secretary, Ministry for Climate, Energy and Utilities, Denmark.