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Report
Oct 2025
Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Fertilisers
State of the transition Emissions Around 60-70% of fertiliser-related GHG emissions occur during fertiliser use; the rest occur during production. In total, fertilisers emit around 1.23 Gt CO2 equivalent per year globally.The emissions intensity of ammonia has fallen by 1.1% annually over the last 10 years, driven primarily by improvements in energy efficiency. Cost Excluding policies such as CO2 pricing, ammonia production today is estimated to cost on average 30% more using carbon capture and storage (CCS) and three times more using electrolysis when compared to conventional routes. Scale and narrowing price differentials with fossil fuels can…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Contributor
Teresa Ribera Rodríguez
Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition. Teresa Ribera Rodríguez has served as Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition at the European Commission since December 2024. Her previous government roles include Spain's Minister of Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge and State Secretary for Climate Change. Ms Ribera Rodríguez has also held senior roles at environment and sustainable development organisations around the world.
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Policy report
Jun 2026
Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Quality and reputation
Greater efficiency can reduce defects and improve production quality Energy efficiency improvements often involve tighter control and optimisation of production processes. By improving precision and stability in how equipment operates, firms can reduce variability in output and limit the occurrence of defects. These effects are particularly important in manufacturing sectors where small deviations can affect product quality and increase waste.For example, an industrial bakery in Switzerland implemented a highly efficient centralised cooling system with CO₂-refrigerant and advanced controls. The system allowed for a more constant controlled temperature and reduced downtime, improving product quality and consistency, all while reducing…
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