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              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
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                • Contributor

                Thibault Rey

                .

                • Report

                • Nov 2025

                Global Energy and Climate Model About the Global Energy and Climate ModelAbout the Global Energy and Climate Model

                Overview Since 1993, the IEA has provided medium- to long-term energy projections using a continually evolving set of detailed, world-leading modelling tools. First, the World Energy Model (WEM) – a large-scale simulation model designed to replicate how energy markets function – was developed. A decade later, the Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model – a technology-rich bottom-up model – was developed for use in parallel to the WEM.Over the past four years, the IEA has worked to develop a new integrated modelling framework: the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model. This model is now the principal tool…

                • Understanding GEC Model scenariosUnderstanding GEC Model scenarios
                • Current Policies Scenario (CPS)Current Policies Scenario (CPS)
                • Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
                • Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS)Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS)
                • + 6 pages

                Gettyimages 162334856 Ext
                • Flagship report

                • Jun 2025

                World Energy Investment 2025 Source, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spendingSource, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spending

                Most energy investment is supported by commercial finance and made by private sponsors, but the sources of finance vary widely by technology and region. Today, 75% of the available finance for investment in the energy sector is commercial finance, but domestic and international public finance play important roles that vary widely across regions and sectors.

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Source, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spendingSource, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spending
                • How we track investment in energyHow we track investment in energy
                • United StatesUnited States
                • + 9 pages

                World Energy Investment 2025 Pexels Pixabay 531360
                • Contributor

                Aloys Nghiem

                Data Development and Support Lead.

                • Contributor

                Jose M Bermudez

                Energy Technology Analyst. Jose M Bermudez is an Energy Technology Analyst at the International Energy Agency (IEA), where he coordinates the analytical work of the IEA in hydrogen technologies. He is also the coordinator of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative. Jose has more than 15 years of professional experience, working in research, innovation and energy policy in the areas of hydrogen, bioenergy and alternative fuels.

                • Contributor

                Herib Blanco

                Energy Technology Analyst - Hydrogen.

                • Contributor

                Ilias Atigui

                India Programme Officer.

                • Contributor

                Muriel Pénicaud

                Ambassador at the Permanent Representative of France to the OECD, Former Minister of Labour.

                • Contributor

                Patrick Crittenden

                Director, Sustainable Business Pty Ltd..

                • Contributor

                Benjamin Gallezot

                Interministerial Delegate for Strategic Minerals and Metals Supplies.

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