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Hannes Gauch
Energy Technology Modeller.
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Regional snapshots
Policymakers have woken up to these energy security challenges with a wave of new policy initiatives Governments around the world are intensifying efforts to secure critical mineral supplies through public funding, strategic partnerships and domestic policy reforms. In Europe, regulatory support and investments have ramped up to support critical mineral supply, supported by national investment funds and cross-border partnerships. North America is leveraging financial incentives to stimulate private-sector investment. Latin America, rich in critical minerals, is projected to reach USD 154 billion in mining and refining value amid regulatory reforms to attract foreign capital. China, already dominant, is…
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Zoe Hungerford
Former Energy Analyst.
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Ethan Jenness
Former Energy Analyst.
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Global Energy Review 2026 Coal
Global coal demand in 2025 grew moderately, remaining near 2024 levels Global coal demand in 2025 grew modestly above 2024 levels, rising by only 0.4%, an increase of around 30 million tonnes (or 0.7 EJ). This growth, which was in line with IEA estimates, was significantly below the 1.4% increase seen in 2024 and marked the end of the post-Covid rebound, with global coal demand growth slowing each year since 2021.Coal use in power generation diverged from recent trends in several regions around the world. In the United States, strong coal use in the power…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Samantha McCulloch
Former Head of Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage Unit.
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Thibaut Abergel
Former Clean Energy Technology Analyst.
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Gil Quiniones
President and Chief Executive Officer of the New York Power Authority. Gil Quiniones has led the New York Power Authority, the largest state-owned electric utility in the United States, since 2011. Mr Quiniones is also Co-Chair of the Board of Directors of the Alliance to Save Energy, and previously served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Electric Power Research Institute.
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Renske Schuitmaker
Former Energy and Transport Analyst.
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Critical Minerals
Critical minerals are essential for a range of today’s energy technologies and for the broader economy. For example, lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite are crucial to battery performance. Rare earth elements are essential indispensable to the permanent magnets used in wind turbines and electric vehicle motors. Electricity networks need a huge amount of aluminium and copper, the latter of which is the cornerstone of all electricity-related technologies. As demand for these materials grows strongly, their strategic importance has also increased – and policymakers have made ensuring secure and resilient mineral supply chains a major priority. Critical Minerals Security…