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Topic
Energy and Water
…demand for desalination has nearly doubled since 2010, and current trends point to another doubling to 2030. Some 21,000 desalination plants currently operate in about 150 countries, from the United States and China to Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia – though half of global installed capacity is located in the Middle East and North Africa. Renewables can help ease the energy sector's water problem In a scenario in which global energy sector emissions reach net zero by 2050, water withdrawals by the energy sector decline by almost 20 bcm by 2030. The biggest reductions happen in the power…
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Contributor
Nadim Abillama
Clean Energy Transition Programme Officer - MENA. Nadim Abillama is the Middle East and North Africa programme officer at the International Energy Agency, working on the IEA’s engagement with the region. Prior to this role, he has worked in international strategy consulting in the government and energy sectors.
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Fuel report
Dec 2022
Renewables 2022 Transport biofuels
Forecast summary Biofuel use expands in 2022 despite rising costs Global biofuel demand is expected to be 6% or 9 100 million litres per year (MLPY) higher in 2022 than in 2021. Renewable diesel makes up the largest share of this year-on-year expansion, thanks to attractive policies in the United States and Europe. Blending requirements and financial incentives support demand growth in India and Brazil, and Indonesia’s 30% biodiesel blending requirement also boosts biodiesel use in that country. Nevertheless, we have revised year-on-year growth downwards 25% from our 2021 forecast, with price and market developments…
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Report
Apr 2026
Rare Earth Elements Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
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Policy report
Jun 2026
Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Health and well-being
Energy efficiency can improve working conditions, increase employee productivity and reduce sick leave Energy efficiency improvements can enhance working environments and worker health. By reducing waste heat, air pollutants and other process inefficiencies, they lower health and safety risks while improving comfort and working conditions.In manufacturing, these effects can be direct. For example, in electronics manufacturing, conventional soldering requires thermal pre-heating cycles that exposes workers to high ambient heat as well as safety risks. Replacing this with induction heating enables localised heating of the material, reducing energy demand by around 70% while eliminating heat stress and safety hazards…
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Contributor
Petr Havlik
Leader of the Integrated Biosphere Futures Research Group at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
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Country report
Nov 2025
Czechia 2025 Executive summary
The Czech Republic (Czechia) aims to phase out coal at an almost unprecedented pace. The IEA commends Czechia for such an ambitious phase-out. Coal is a major fuel source in Czechia, currently providing more than one-third of Czechia’s electricity and half of its district heating. Coal-fired plants are slated for retirement by 2033, but economic drivers may close them earlier. This would be an extraordinary transformation of Czechia’s energy system. The transition from its fossil fuel legacy can be a springboard to building a vibrant clean energy economy. But it is not without challenges, such…
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Contributor
Henri Paillere
Head, Planning and Economic Studies Section at International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
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