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Battery Circularity
Innovation trends for a future source of critical materials This report provides new evidence on global innovation trends for technologies related to battery recycling. Based on the EPO’s unique and comprehensive worldwide patent databases and the IEA’s expert insights into the key issues for battery technologies, the report presents the very latest data as a guide to decision makers from the public and private sectors. It sheds light on the main locations of patenting, the leading patentors in the world and the technology categories receiving the most innovation attention.More than one in four cars sold globally in…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025
A comprehensive assessment of recent progress and emerging challenges in energy technology innovation Global energy innovation is evolving rapidly, shaped by technological advances, increased public and private investment, and a shifting international landscape. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent progress and emerging challenges in energy technology innovation, drawing on over 150 innovation highlights and a survey of practitioners across 34 countries. It analyses trends in public and corporate R&D spending, venture capital flows, and technology demonstration efforts, highlighting an increasingly international landscape, with emerging economies making strides alongside traditional leaders. The report documents the increasing focus on…
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Investment in next-generation geothermal is surging. Policies are key to further growth
…along with the prospect of geothermal projects co-producing critical minerals such as lithium, are adding to the momentum. Investment in next-generation geothermal has risen sharply According to IEA analysis of new data – including exclusive data shared by Underground Ventures, a firm that invests in next-generation geothermal – financing for the sector reached nearly USD 2.2 billion in 2025, an 80% increase year-over-year and up from just USD 22 million in 2018.Mature conventional geothermal attracted strong investment as well. Funding for conventional geothermal power projects reached nearly USD 5 billion in 2025 – a four-fold…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Overview of outlook for key minerals
…mined supply from announced projects falls short of projected demand in 2035, with implied deficits of 30% for copper and 40% for lithium in the STEPS. The supply gap for copper is particularly concerning due to declining ore grades, rising project costs and a sharp slowdown in new resource discoveries, all of which make bringing new supply online highly challenging. For lithium, while the market is poised to be well-supplied in the near term, rapidly growing demand is projected to turn market balances into deficits by the 2030s although the prospects for developing new lithium projects are stronger than…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
Interactive: Highlights in energy innovation
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Battery storage is scaling up and taking on a larger system role
…Arabia, where storage is increasingly being used to support the integration of rising shares of variable renewables.In regions that have been at the forefront of renewable integration and battery deployment, batteries now play an essential role in continuously balancing electricity demand and supply. Comparatively short construction and development timelines are further supporting the rapid deployment of utility-scale batteries in particular: in many markets, projects typically take around two years to develop and commission, giving them an important advantage in systems that seek flexible capacity quickly.Looking ahead, battery storage deployment is on track to continue accelerating. However, tackling…
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Rare Earth Elements Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
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Rare Earth Elements
Pathways to secure and diversified supply chains The critical role of rare earth elements in strategic applications, ranging from energy technologies and advanced electronics to aerospace and defence systems, combined with their highly concentrated supply chains, has elevated their importance in both energy and broader economic security discussions in recent years. This report assesses the current state of the rare earth elements market, examining demand and supply dynamics and key technological developments. It analyses the full value chain from mining to permanent magnet production, evaluates vulnerabilities across supply chains, and highlights the implications of potential supply disruptions. Based on these…
