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Energy and Gender
It comprises a number of senior officials from IEA Member countries, facilitating the exchange of best practices on gender equality and inclusion and gender mainstreaming across the energy sector. Women are vital energy consumers, producers and decision-makers who make a crucial contribution to global energy security and energy transitions. Building a more secure, fair and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of…
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Industry
How and where is energy used? Total final consumption in 2024 was over 450 EJ and has grown by around 25 EJ since 2019. Industry accounts for the largest share of this demand, at nearly 40%. Industry saw the strongest growth since 2019, contributing two-thirds of the total increase in global energy demand. The industrial sector can be divided into energy-intensive industries, responsible for three-quarters of total industrial demand, and less intensive industries, which are responsible for the remainder.In energy-intensive industries, energy is largely used in processes that require high-temperature heat, generally above 500°C. Efficiency improvements…
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IEA Members reaffirm support for IEA-Ukraine Collaboration Programme
…underscoring the initiative’s importance as Ukraine approaches the fourth anniversary of Russia’s full‑scale invasion.The joint statement from the Ministers of the Programme’s donors – Canada, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the European Commission – was released during the IEA’s 2026 Ministerial Meeting.The Ministers applauded the IEA’s work with Ukraine through the Programme, noting that it supports both the near-term reconstruction of Ukraine’s energy sector – which remains under significant attack by Russia – and helps facilitate the investments needed for Ukraine to build a new energy future.In their…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Executive summary
Today’s energy technology landscape is highly dynamic. Innovations span a wide range of countries and technology areas, both emerging and established. These advances have implications for energy system planning and, ultimately, for the world economy. Whether incremental or disruptive, they are the products of government support, market expectations, finance, knowledge-sharing and accessible R&D and test facilities. It is testament to the efforts of energy innovators around the world that decision makers today can choose from a range of technology options to address strategic goals for all parts of the energy system. However, technological progress to tackle existing…
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Global Energy Review 2026 CO2 emissions
Energy sector emissions continued to rise in 2025, but regional trends varied markedly Global growth in energy-related CO2 emissions slowed in 2025, rising by around 0.4%, the slowest rate since 2021. Despite this slowdown, total energy-related CO2 emissions increased by around 145 million tonnes (Mt) in 2025, reaching a new high of nearly 38.4 billion tonnes (Gt), and 5% above 2019 levels. The increase coincided with record atmospheric CO2 concentrations of about 427 parts-per-million (ppm), roughly 2.4 ppm higher than in 2024 and around 50% above pre-industrial levels.Emissions from fuel combustion…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Production highlights
Highlights Hydrogen production reached almost 100 Mt in 2024, but less than 1% was based on low-emissions hydrogen technologies. Based on announced projects, low-emissions hydrogen could reach 37 Mtpa by 2030, a reduction from the 49 Mtpa estimated in the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 (GHR-24).More projects are reaching final investment decision (FID), although the total production capacity reaching this stage in 2024 remained at the same level as in 2023. Persisting technical and regulatory barriers, financial obstacles and challenges in securing reliable offtake, in particular, continue to delay and occasionally completely stall project progress.Despite announced delays and cancellations…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
Electric two- and three-wheelers Contrasting regional trends mean global sales of electric two- and three-wheelers remain at around 15% Two- and three-wheelers (2/3Ws) remained the most electrified road transport segment in 2024, with more than 9% of the global fleet now electric. The global sales share of electric models remained at around 15% in 2024 with total electric model sales reaching 10 million. The electric sales share stalled in 2024, mostly due to the shrinking Chinese electric 2/3W market, although growth in other regions was steady. China, India and Southeast Asia remain the world’s largest…
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Oil 2025 Executive summary
Turbulent times in oil markets Heightened geopolitical risks, unresolved trade tensions, and policy shifts have added myriad uncertainties to the oil market outlook. Since the start of the year, major economic forecasters have cut their outlooks for world GDP growth in 2025 by roughly half a percentage point to around 2.8% and see a below-trend pace of about 3% annually for the remainder of the decade, with knock-on implications for oil demand. With conflicts in the Middle East region at risk of intensifying and trade negotiations ongoing, uncertainties surrounding our forecasts are substantial. At the same time…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 2. Southern power grid’s acquisition of Enel Peru distribution assets
Project overview and impact Latin America’s power systems face a growing need to modernise their electricity networks as clean energy deployment accelerates. While the region has seen a 25% increase in clean energy investment since 2015, grid spending has not kept pace, with less than USD 0.5 invested in networks and storage for every dollar spent on new generation. Strengthening distribution systems, especially in rapidly expanding urban areas, is essential to integrate more renewables. Peru is no exception. Although its electricity demand has grown steadily, network modernisation has lagged behind regional leaders, and the expansion of renewable capacity…
