• Country

        Poland

        Poland’s energy system has seen progress on energy transition, despite its reliance on domestic hard coal and lignite. For example, Poland has one of the fastest growing solar PV markets in the European Union and has also seen a strong uptake of heat pumps. Poland is pushing to become a major player in offshore wind, aiming for at least 3.4 GW of capacity by 2030. However, stronger efforts are needed across all sectors to accelerate energy transition and Poland would benefit from greater electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe.

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        • Commentary

        • 02 Mar 2026

        Copper prices have hit record highs, but smelters face mounting strategic pressures

        …growth and elevated prices – may be good news for producers. However, today’s situation is unusual in that the crucial midstream sector is showing increasing signs of stress, amid a surge in smelter capacity additions in China. Copper is set to face a major supply deficit of 30% by 2035 Copper – a highly conductive metal that is resistant to corrosion – is at the heart of a more electrified energy system. As the world enters an Age of Electricity, strong demand growth for copper is anticipated from a wide variety of sources, including grids, electric vehicles, construction, industry and data centres…

        • Country

        Indonesia

        …in the world – and its significant role as a major producer and consumer of energy in regional and international markets. Indonesia is also the largest economy in ASEAN and an active member of the G20, APEC and ASEAN.
        Ambitious government plans to extend electricity access have yielded fruit in Indonesia, where the number of people without access declined from around 100 million in 2000 to around 23 million in 2016 even with a population increase of almost one-quarter. Therefore, Indonesia alone was responsible for 55% of the net decrease in the number of people without access across Southeast Asia…

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        • Country

        Togo

        Less than half of the Togolese population has access to electricity. The country has a relatively diversified energy mix and more than 13% of its final energy consumption comes from renewable supplies of energy, mainly hydropower.

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        • Country

        Congo

        In Congo, 3 out of 5 people do not have access to electricity. As a country with a very low population density, Congo faces particularly severe challenges in bringing energy of any kind to its rural communities.

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        • Commentary

        • 27 Mar 2026

        Policy and financing momentum sustain CCUS progress despite setbacks

        CCUS Projects Database 2026 commentary Efforts to expand carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) took some important steps forward in 2025. Despite delays and cancellations in some areas, projects reached notable milestones in key markets, while growing financing provided further momentum.CCUS deployment in Europe saw a step-change as the world’s first dedicated carbon dioxide CO2 storage hub began operating in Norway. Major projects were also commissioned in China and North America, and the construction of new facilities began in eight countries worldwide. The newest annual update to the IEA’s CCUS Project Database – which incorporates developments between…

        • Country

        Eritrea

        Less than half of the population of Eritrea has access to electricity. Most of the country's electricity generation comes from imported oil.

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        • Commentary

        • 10 Feb 2026

        What it would take to unlock the next phase of hydrogen growth

        …gas and 90 million tonnes of coal equivalent. However, alternative technologies that can produce low-emissions hydrogen have attracted a lot of interest from governments given their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and diversify energy supply, particularly in countries that have a large dependence on fossil fuel imports.Low-emissions hydrogen production – or the production of hydrogen from low-emissions electricity via water electrolysis, from bioenergy or from fossil fuels in combination with carbon capture and storage – is still at an early stage today. But it saw impressive momentum in the early 2020s, when a wave of ambitious government commitments…

        • Country

        Italy

        Italy aims for carbon neutrality by 2050 and is on track to reach its 2030 targets for emissions reductions and energy efficiency, aiming to reach 30% of renewables in total energy consumption and 55% of renewables in electricity generation. The country has experienced notable growth in the renewable energy sector and has successfully integrated large volumes of variable renewable generation. Natural gas is a major source for electricity and heating, therefore Italy has strengthened its energy security by diversifying natural gas supply, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing…

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        • Country

        Botswana

        Coal production is set to increase in Botswana, but exports remain limited and mainly involve trade with neighbouring countries. Regarding electrification rates, the country has recently made good progress through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.

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