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Togo

Less than half of the Togolese population has access to electricity. The country has a relatively diversified energy mix and more than 13% of its final energy consumption comes from renewable supplies of energy, mainly hydropower.
- Overview
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- + 5 pages
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Gibraltar

Gibraltar
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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- Country
Eswatini

Eswatini
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- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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- Country
Türkiye

Rapid economic and population growth in Türkiye over the past two decades have not only driven strong growth in energy demand, but also an associated increase in import dependency. As a result, Türkiye has pursued a restructuring of its energy system with the aim of rationalising energy demand growth, lowering energy prices and slowing the pace of import growth.
These reforms have included measures targeted at modernisation, liberalisation and increased domestic production capacity. Notably, Türkiye has seen considerable diversification of its energy mix in the past decade. Renewable electricity generation has tripled in the past decade and the commissioning of…
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Brunei Darussalam

In 2014, Brunei adopted a strategic plan to achieve 10% share of renewables in the national energy mix by 2035. The plan provides the outline to introduce renewable energy policy and regulatory frameworks and to scale-up market deployment of solar PV.
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- Energy mix
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- Electricity
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- Country
Haiti

Haiti
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- Country
China

China’s growing energy needs are increasingly met by renewables, natural gas and electricity. The scale of China’s future electricity demand and the challenge of decarbonising the power supply help explain why global investment in electricity overtook that of oil and gas for the first time in 2016, and why electricity security is moving firmly up the policy agenda. That said, cost reductions for renewables are not sufficient on their own to secure efficient decarbonisation or reliable supply.
Between 2019 and 2024, China will account for 40% of global renewable capacity expansion, driven by improved system integration, lower curtailment…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
- + 5 pages
- Country report
- Dec 2025
China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies

Evolving institutions, instruments and implications for clean energy transitions Global energy investment exceeded USD 3.3 trillion in 2025, but capital flows remain uneven. Emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) outside China attracted just 27% of total energy investment and 18% of clean energy spending, despite accounting for nearly two-thirds of the global population and the bulk of future demand. Addressing this imbalance requires mobilising more capital from diverse sources into EMDE energy systems.China continues to play a central role in global energy investment flows because of its large domestic investments and its large external capital spending on energy. Since…
- Setting the scene
- Dashboard
- Trends in China’s Outbound Energy Finance
- Case studies
- + 7 pages
- Country
Singapore

Singapore is the region’s second-largest gas importer. The country is expanding its existing LNG importing facility and is seeking to become a major LNG trading hub. Singapore’s relatively small import needs raise questions about how quickly the hub would reach sufficient liquidity to operate efficiently, but it is nonetheless well placed to bring Asian LNG buyers and sellers together and has taken a major step forward with the creation of an LNG price index: the “SLiNG”.
Singapore has made important moves towards liberalising its gas market, providing the basis for more competitive price setting. These moves include…
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- Electricity
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- Country
Costa Rica

Costa Rica’s energy policy aims to move from a fossil fuels based energy system towards renewable energy sources and to expand its power generation capacity, replacing old power generating stations and developing new projects.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
- + 5 pages

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