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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Policies
…8% or higher and a flow rate of 10 m³/min or more. This gas must be utilised or stored in gas tanks. If the gas cannot be utilised or stored, it must be destroyed. Brazil issued guidelines through its National Energy Policy Council that promote the decarbonisation of oil and gas activities, including minimising flaring and eliminating routine flaring. The guidelines also call for measures to reduce methane leaks from oil and gas operations.Kazakhstan is developing regulations to reduce methane emissions from the fossil fuel sector, including by eliminating non-emergency methane venting, requiring leak detection and repair (LDAR)…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
…are driving the transition, like in Europe. In Mexico, close to 8% of all bus sales were electric in 2024, up from just above 1% in 2023. There has also been impressive growth in Colombia, Chile, Brazil, and other countries over the past few years. Another notable trend is the decline in the share of PHEVs among electric buses. In China, the share of PHEVs in total electric bus sales peaked in 2014 at around 60%, but fell to less than 1% in 2017 and close to 0% in 2024. Similarly, in the rest of the world, there was a…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…in Thailand and Viet Nam. In Brazil, the largest car market in Latin America, electric car sales more than doubled to 125 000 in 2024, reaching a sales share of over 6%. Sales in Africa also more than doubled, too, mostly thanks to growing sales in Egypt and Morocco, though electric cars still represent less than 1% of total car sales across the continent. Policy support and relatively affordable electric car imports from China played a central role in increasing sales in some emerging electric vehicle (EV) markets, accounting for 85% of electric car sales in both Brazil and Thailand, for example…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle batteries
…EV. Emerging markets and developing economies other than China continued to represent only a small share of global battery demand, reaching nearly 5% in 2024. Nevertheless, their share has doubled since 2022, underpinned by sustained growth in Southeast Asia, India and Brazil. Outlook for battery demand Electric vehicle battery demand jumps more than threefold by 2030 EV battery demand continues to grow, and is expected to reach more than 3 TWh in 2030 in the STEPS, up from about 1 TWh in 2024. While electric cars will remain the primary driver of battery demand, other modes are set to gain market share. Notably…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Innovation in mining, refining and recycling to promote diversification
…AI). Innovations such as AI-based geological exploration can reduce drilling costs by up to 60% and increase discovery success rates by as much as four times. Technologies that enable rare earth extraction from ionic adsorption clay deposits could significantly reduce capital intensity and waste generation, opening up new production opportunities in countries such as Australia, Brazil, and Uganda. International collaborations can also play a vital role in addressing technology bottlenecks in building diversified supplies Diversifying supply sources face significant technological and cost bottlenecks that stem from gaps in processing expertise, environmental regulations, and capital and operating costs. Addressing these…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
…equivalent to a quarter of global natural gas demand. By 2050, this increases to nearly 1 400 bcme with average costs falling by 20%, driven primarily by increased crop yields, technological learning effects and economies of scale. 80% of the sustainable potential for producing biogases is in emerging market and developing economies, led by Brazil, China and India. The potential in India is larger than its natural gas consumption. The United States has the largest potential among advanced economies. The European Union uses the largest share – around 40% – of its sustainable potential, compared with less than 5% in India. Biomethane production costs…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Assessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethane
…fuel. For this report, we considered the methane yield per tonne of dry matter for a range of different feedstocks. Emerging market and developing economies account for 80% of the global potential for biogases, which is concentrated in countries where the agricultural sector plays a prominent role in the economy. India, Brazil, and China lead the way with high biogases potential from cereal crop residues, sugar crop residues, and manure respectively, derived from existing large-scale agricultural industries. Cost assessment The key considerations affecting the economics of a biogas and biomethane plant are its size, feedstock composition and quality…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Biogas and biomethane outlook to 2050
…natural gas displacement in buildings (9%). Geographies of demand change significantly in both the STEPS and APS. While Europe and North America currently make up just under 60% of demand for biogases, EMDEs constitute the new majority by 2035 in the STEPs. This is driven by China, which accounts for 40% of the global production increase in that period. Demand roughly triples in Brazil and India as well. Demand growth is accompanied by fuller utilisation of feedstock potential, of which only 4% is used today. Municipal waste, as the cheapest feedstock, sees the most development of its potential. However…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Investment and innovation
…project developers, public funders and insurers may help reduce perceived risk and strengthen investor confidence.Hydrogen venture capital (VC) fundraising fell by one-third in 2024, outpacing declines in broader energy VC. Publicly traded hydrogen companies have also continued to see lower investor returns and revenues over the past year.Development finance institutions are increasingly backing blended finance structures, with recent disbursements focused on early-stage costs, including projects in Brazil, Egypt, Morocco, Namibia and South Africa.A record number of technologies advanced in technology readiness level (TRL) over the past year, across the hydrogen value chain. First-of-a-kind…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
…already play a visible role in today’s global energy landscape. They are particularly relevant for transport, where they represent 4% of total energy demand. Liquid biofuels dominate current use, with emerging contributions from biogases and low-emissions hydrogen. Nearly 80% of liquid biofuel use is covered by GHG performance requirements today, although regional uptake varies widely, reflecting differences in policy support, sustainability criteria, feedstock availability and infrastructure readiness. While representing only 1.3% of total energy consumption globally, in certain countries the contribution of renewable fuels can be much higher, notably in Brazil, where their share approaches 10%. I...
