• Policy

        • Australia

        • 2016

        Clean Energy Finance Corporation, equity for start-ups: Clean Energy Innovation and Powering Australia Technology Fund

        Australia’s Clean Energy Finance Corporation has committed over USD 520 million to several national venture capital funds for energy technologies since 2016, including the Clean Energy Innovation Fund and Powering Australia Technology Fund. In 2024, equity investments included a Li-ion battery recycling technology developer, a company aiming to produce hydrogen from organic waste, and a lithium extraction technology developer.

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 2025

        Australia NRFC investment commitment in rare earths project

        The National Reconstruction Fund Corporation (NRFC), established in 2023 by the Australian Government to support seven priority areas of the Australian economy, committed significant funding to Arafura Rare Earths Limited for the development of the Nolans Project:Early 2024: The NRFC allocated AUD 840 million worth of loans and grants to Arafura Rare Earths.15 January 2025: The NRFC committed an additional AUD 200 million to Arafura Rare Earths Limited for the development of the Nolans Project.The Nolans Project is expected to produce around 4% of the world’s neodymium and praseodymium (NdPr) demand by 2032, creating over 600…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 2020

        Australia’s Modern Manufacturing Strategy

        Australia has significant reserves of critical minerals and metals, which are essential for the production of technologies required to support clean energy transitions. Under the country’s “Modern Manufacturing Strategy”, the government included a Resources Technology and Critical Minerals Processing National Manufacturing Priority road map. It consists of investing in technological innovation to improve the productivity of the critical minerals industry while reducing its environmental impacts. In particular, expanding opportunities for critical minerals processing is a goal of the roadmap. The government seeks to improve the environmental performance of the sector by reducing waste, promoting metal recovery, reducing the use…

        • Policy

        • Chile

        • 2009

        Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement (ACI-FTA)

        In the beginning of 2009, the Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement (ACI-FTA) entered into force. The agreement covers goods, services, and investment trade flows. The Agreement eliminates tariffs on a majority of goods, including:Agglomerated and reduced iron;Alumina, scrap metal, and ammonia;Crude steel, aluminium, nitrogen fertilizers;Solar PV modules, solar cells, solar wafers, polysilicon, Battery packs, battery cells, anodes and cathodes;Electrolyzes, heat pumps, electric vehicles, ICE car; The Agreement also includes rules of origin and local content provisions. Goods are counted as originating from each country if:They meet a minimum regional value content specified for…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 2022

        Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA)

        The Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) is a bilateral agreement which was signed on April 2, 2022 and entered into force December 29, 2022.The Agreement provides for border tariff elimination for energy sector products such as:critical minerals (e.g. zirconium, titanium);metallic ores (manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, aluminium, tin ores);titanium oxide;alumina;non-ferrous metals (copper alloys);coal;LNG, crude petroleum.Goods are counted as originating from each country if:wholly produced or obtained in the country (applicable to minerals, raw materials, and waste and scrap materials)meets specific standards for the good as…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 1983

        Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA or CER)

        The Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA or CER) is a comprehensive free trade and economic agreement between the two countries. ANZCERTA eliminates tariffs and minimizes trade barriers on all goods. This bilateral free trade agreement was further complemented by the 2010 ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand FTA.The Agreement also includes rules of origin and local content provisions. Goods are counted as originating from each country if:There is a change in HS code headings at the level specified for each good; or, They meet a minimum regional value content specified for each goodThe Investment provisions of…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 2020

        Australia-Hong Kong (China) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and associated Investment Agreement (IA)

        The Australia-Hong Kong (China) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and associated Investment Agreement (IA) entered into force in January 2020. It provides for further elimination of all customs duties and import/export restrictions among the two Parties, but recognizes import licensing.Rules of origin delineated in the Agreement state that goods may benefit from preferential tariff treatment ifwholly obtained or produced, or having undergone a significant production process (entailing a change in HS code) on the territory of One of the Parties ormeeting minimum regional value content requirements, specific to each goodThe Investment Agreement provisions establish Most-Favoured Nation and…

        • Policy

        • United Kingdom

        • 2023

        Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (A-UKFTA)

        …wind power componentselectrical conductors cars, electric vehicles and car parts UK import tariff are eliminated for goods originating from Australia for the following products: Lithium-ion accumulators Photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells Motor cars and other motor vehicles  Lithium oxide and hydroxideThe flexible rules of origin laid out in the agreement are intended to enable the majority of British and Australian manufacturers to qualify for tariff-free trade without altering to their current supply chains. This means they can import component parts such as engines and valves into the UK or Australia and still benefit from tariff elimination when exporting the finished products. Additionally…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 1991

        Australia-Papua New Guinea Free Trade Agreement

        The Autralia-Papua New Guinea Agreement on Trade and Commercial Relations Free Trade Agreement aims to foster economic and trade relations between the two countries by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers. The Agreement eliminates tariffs for goods including, but not limited to: Electric generation equipment Mechanical equipment including pumps, appliances and other advanced machinery Electric motors, transformers, batteries and capacitors Motor vehicles Mineral ore and processed products including manganese, copper, aluminium, and nickel Various products manufactured using the above minerals and metals, such as sheets, powders, bars and plates Photovoltaic cells The Agreement also includes rules of origin and local content provisions. Goods are counted as…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 2021

        Australia-Germany hydrogen supply chain projects

        …strengthen cooperation on the development of hydrogen technology is underway between Australia and Germany. The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research will commit respectively AUD 50 million (from the AUD 565.8 million provided in the 2021-2022 Budget initiative for low emissions technology partnerships) and EUR 50 million to fund HyGATE, a new joint Hydrogen Innovation and Technology Incubator. ARENA takes a lead role in the HyGATE, supporting real-world pilot, trial, demonstration and research projects along the hydrogen supply chain. Australia aims at satisfying its own demand and export hydrogen to…

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