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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Demand
Global hydrogen demand grew almost 3% in 2025 to surpass 100 Mt, concentrated in traditional uses in industry and refining. The impacts of the conflict in the Middle East render the near-term outlook for current hydrogen applications uncertain, particularly for fertiliser production and trade.Demand for low-emissions hydrogen grew by 20% in 2025, reaching close to 1 Mt. However, sluggish and uncertain policy implementation is failing to address the major barriers to adoption and preventing faster uptake.New offtake agreements for low-emissions hydrogen reached 1.7 Mtpa in 2025, as in 2024. One-fifth of all new agreements were firm…
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Mozambique 2024
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Mozambique and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Nepal
Almost the totality of the electricity generated in Nepal comes from hydropower. Most of the energy supply is from biofuels and waste as 21 million people still rely on traditional biomass for cooking. In 2000, 81% did not have access to electricity but with remarkable efforts from the government, only 6% of the population remain without access today.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Integrating Solar and Wind in Southeast Asia
Status and outlook for secure and efficient strategies Southeast Asia is experiencing one of the fastest electricity demand growths globally, with consumption set to double by 2050. While renewable deployment has accelerated in recent years, the region’s growing reliance on imported fossil-fuels for electricity generation, exposes countries to volatile fuel prices, potential supply disruptions and rising emissions. At the same time, the region possesses vast and diverse renewable resource potential. Variable renewable energy (VRE) - solar and wind - are now among the most cost-competitive generation options and are playing an increasingly important role in the region’s power…
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Cuba
Cuba’s energy supply mainly comes from oil products, accounting for over 80% of power generation.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa
Progress update and roadmap for implementation Clean cooking access is a defining challenge for Africa’s prosperity. While the number of people without access to clean cooking has halved globally since 2010, the number in sub-Saharan Africa continues to rise. This harms health, economic development, and the environment – contributing to 815 000 premature deaths annually and significant deforestation.In a new report, Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa: Progress update and roadmap to implementation, the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides an updated picture of where things stand today, where efforts are gaining ground, and where urgent action is…
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Russia's War on Ukraine
The new energy world The global energy landscape has changed dramatically The energy sector continues to feel the effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which in February 2022 sparked the first truly global energy crisis. Two years on, energy prices have pulled back from record highs, but trends vary widely among regions. In many parts of the world, prices are still elevated – holding back economic growth, straining the finances of households and businesses, and complicating efforts to improve access to electricity. Energy markets, faced with an unusually high degree of geopolitical uncertainty, remain on edge.In Ukraine, the energy sector…
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Electricity Market Design
Building on strengths, addressing gaps Electricity markets play a central role in balancing supply and demand, guiding operational decisions and shaping investment outcomes. As systems change with higher shares of variable generation, greater decentralisation and evolving patterns of electricity use, the ability of market designs to deliver secure and affordable electricity has never been more critical. If market arrangements do not keep pace with these developments, the functioning of electricity systems could become more uncertain and more costly.This report provides a cross-regional assessment of how wholesale electricity markets and their complementary policy mechanisms are performing today. We find…
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CCUS Projects Database
…efforts, such as the Hydrogen Projects database and the Clean Energy Demonstration Projects Database.AcknowledgementsSeveral organisations and companies provided essential input and feedback to the database. They include:Air Liquide; Danish Energy Agency; Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australia; Geoscience Australia; Enhance Energy; Eni; Equinor; Exxon Mobil; Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection, Germany; Fluxys; GE Vernova; Global CCS Institute; Heidelberg Materials; Holcim; Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Korean Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Association (K-CCUS); Leilac; Ministry of Climate Policy and Green Growth, the Netherlands; Ministry of Energy & Infrastructure, United Arab Emirates…
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Ronja Enders
Coordinator for Climate and Labour, Institute for Sustainable Regional Development in Europe (PECO). Ronja is Coordinator for Climate and Labour at the PECO Institute, a specialized institute within IG BAU - the German Trade Union for Construction Workers affiliated to Building and Wood Workers' International (BWI) focusing on sustainability in construction and forestry, occupational health and safety, climate change, and worker relations. Her expertise lies in sustainable construction methods, materials, and their implications for the workforce. Prior to her current role, Ronja worked as a lobbyist for Volkswagen and Friends of the Earth Bavaria, bridging industry insights with environmental advocacy. She initially trained as a laboratory assistant in chemistry before pursuing academic studies in International Relations. Ronja has also been active in international labour movements, serving as a representative of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB) in youth cou...
