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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Unlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for action
…considering uncertainties in cost evolution, innovation and learning, and identifying potential capital sources that could be used at different stages. Blended finance instruments and action to mobilise private capital will be essential as capacity starts to ramp up.Several cross-cutting aspects will play a role in development, including international collaboration and knowledge-sharing, such as through joint projects and platforms. A skilled workforce is needed in government, the private sector and research. Lastly, defining technical standards across the value chain and ensuring compliance will be key. Introduction Hydrogen and its derivatives could offer a valuable opportunity for Ukraine in…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026
Around the world, many countries have made reductions in methane emissions a policy priority as part of their efforts to limit near-term global warming, enhance energy security, and improve air quality. The energy sector – including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy – accounts for around 40% of methane emissions from human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker provides essential data on methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down.The Tracker presents the IEA’s latest sector-wide emissions estimates – based on the…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Africa
…today (3% of global trade). Displacing production with renewable methanol could free up some natural gas to reduce imports and help address dwindling domestic production (Egypt) or increase exports (Equatorial Guinea). In shipping, African ports can offer alternative fuels and contribute to the development of shipping corridors.Near-term actions include reducing the cost of capital through blended finance funds, offtake guarantees, credit guarantees and insurance. A balance between domestic hydrogen use and exports could provide the greatest opportunities for deployment, and longer-term growth can be enabled by planning the rollout of hydrogen infrastructure and developing certification schemes today.
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Delivering on the EU’s electrification ambitions
…the EU’s total energy demand and cost the bloc EUR 380 billion in 2024. The risks associated with the EU’s reliance on fuel imports have been highlighted by recent market disruptions linked to the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz amid the conflict in the Middle East, bringing renewed attention to the EU’s target of increasing electrification from 24% today to 32% of energy consumption by 2030.This commentary is the second in a series examining the case for electrification in the EU. The previous instalment looked at the cost-competitiveness of electric technologies under 2025…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels
Pathways to 2035 Sustainable fuels – including liquid biofuels, biogases, low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels – offer multiple benefits for the energy sector. They complement electrification and energy efficiency in energy transitions, and are particularly important for sectors that continue to be reliant on fuel-based solutions such as aviation, shipping, and parts of road transport and industry. Sustainable fuels can also enhance energy security, strengthen environmental sustainability and stimulate economic development, particularly in rural areas.If fully legislated and implemented, current and proposed national and international policies would put the use of sustainable liquid and gaseous fuels on a…
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Assessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options
Drawing on the latest and best available data, this report provides a comprehensive estimate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain, including from upstream production, processing, and pipeline transmission to liquefaction, shipping, and regasification. It also discusses the significant emissions reductions that are technically feasible with today’s technologies including through methane abatement, electrification using low-emissions power, process efficiency improvements, and the elimination of routine flaring, as well as carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) for managing the naturally-occurring CO2 from LNG supply. Introduction Around 550 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025
Methane is responsible for around 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution, and rapid and sustained reductions in methane emissions are key to limiting near-term global warming and improving air quality. The energy sector – including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy – accounts for more than 35% of methane emissions from human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker is an essential tool for raising awareness about methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down.The Tracker presents our latest…
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Gas 2025
…recent market developments ahead of the 2025-26 winter season in the Northern Hemisphere – and includes forecasts for how supply and demand could evolve to 2030.The report also includes the IEA’s detailed annual assessment of gas supply security, including the implications of LNG contracting trends, and features a special spotlight on the potential to deploy carbon capture technologies along LNG value chains to reduce the emissions intensity of supply. Additionally, as part of the IEA’s Low-Emission Gases Work Programme, it includes a section on the medium-term outlook for biomethane, low-emissions hydrogen and e-methane.
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Cost of Capital Observatory Dashboard
…latest survey update in 2025 we asked for WACC data of projects taking final investment decision (FID) from 2021 onwards. An analysis of the latest data can be found in this commentary. The cost of capital is expressed here in local currencies, nominal terms and after tax. In cases where respondents to the survey provided a range instead of a single value of the cost of capital, we included the minimum and the maximum value of that range. We also made assumptions on the corporate tax or inflation in cases where respondents did not specify these values and provided responses…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Techno-economic inputs
…more efficient production technologies and practices. Electricity generation technology costs Major contributors to the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) include: overnight capital costs; capacity factor that describes the average output over the year relative to the maximum rated capacity (typical values provided); cost of fuel inputs; plus operation and maintenance. Economic lifetime assumptions are 25 years for solar PV, and onshore and offshore wind.Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions reflect market data and survey information provided through the Cost of Capital Observatory, with a range of 4-7% for utility-scale solar PV and onshore wind and 5…
