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Energy Efficiency 2024 Does a heat pump work in a house with poor insulation?
…energy bills depends on the difference in gas and electricity prices. In countries where electricity and gas prices are similar, such as Sweden, heat pumps can greatly reduce bills – by 60-90%, depending on the level of insulation. In countries where electricity is two to four times as expensive as gas, like in France, heat pumps can still reduce energy bills, but the gains will be smaller, especially in poorly insulated homes. In countries where electricity is more than quadruple the price of gas, such as the United Kingdom, switching to a heat pump results in much smaller financial benefits…
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The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
…the use of existing generation and network assets, demand flexibility can raise system efficiency by up to 30% and deliver greater value.Strengthen energy security. Demand flexibility reinforces electricity security and system resilience by reducing peak demand and lowering reliance on fuel imports. Recent events in California, Western Australia, and France demonstrate this capability, where customers reacted quickly to support system operators, rapidly reducing consumption and helping avoid system crises such as blackouts.Enhance affordability. Shifting electricity consumption to lower-cost hours can offer financial benefits for consumers directly through smart tariffs. For instance, households can typically save 5-15%…
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Electricity 2026 Supply
…Coal-fired generation remained relatively flat in 2025, following a 1.4% increase in 2024. Declines in China and India were offset by gains in the United States, Eurasia and other Asian markets. Natural gas-fired output grew by around 0.5% y-o-y, a moderation from the 2.2% in 2024, amid gas-to-coal switching in various regions due to higher gas-prices compared to 2024. Nuclear generation was up 1.2% y-o-y, supported by restarts in Japan, higher output in France, and newly commissioned reactors in China and other countries. By contrast, oil-fired...
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Electricity 2026 Reliability
…and rapid disconnections leading to a further surge in voltage. In the half hour prior to the incident, two distinct modes of oscillation occurred in the Continental Europe Synchronous Area (CESA). The respective system operators enacted a series of standard mitigating measures, including reduction in export flows from Spain to France and Portugal, and reconfiguration of internal power lines. While these measures had the desired effect of dampening oscillation, they also increased voltage in the Iberian power system and scaled down reactive absorption. Disconnection of generators prompted the voltage level in several nodes to further spike beyond the 435 kV…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Road transport fuels
…to the 2026 crisis in the Middle East, several countries have announced measures to encourage working from home. For example, the Philippines and Pakistan have mandated 4-day workweeks for government workers, while Sri Lanka has closed public offices on Wednesdays, and Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam are all actively promoting remote work. Many European governments also encouraged working from home in response to the energy crisis in 2022-23, including through the joint IEA-EU Playing my Part Campaign. For example, France incentivised public officials working from home in 2022, and encouraged private companies to follow this ex...
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…as did Spain and Italy, following a reintroduction of purchase subsidies in those two countries. Other large-volume markets saw growth in electric car sales as well. In Poland, sales increased by 140%, while the Netherlands saw a 25% rise. In France, sales volumes were similar to 2024. Europe as a whole overtook China as the fastest growing major market for electric cars. In the United Kingdom, sales rose by over 25%. In Norway, battery electric cars reached a record 96% share of all car sales. Electric medium- and heavy- freight truck sales also started to pick up in Europe…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Heat pumps
…similar levels to 2024.In Europe, annual sales rose by 11%, marking the first year of growth since 2022. This recovery was largely driven by Germany, where sales in the first half of the year increased by 55%. It was also the first year that heat pumps outsold gas boilers in the country. However, in France, Europe’s largest heat pump market, sales declined moderately. In the United States, heat pump sales fell by around 13% in 2025. As of 2025, all heat pumps manufactured in the United States had to use A2L refrigerants, which may have boosted sales in…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity supply
…rising by about 600 TWh. About 55% took place in China, but growth was otherwise broad-based geographically.Annual nuclear generation reached a record high following strong growth in 2024. Output grew by 1.2% in 2025, the result of reactor restarts in Japan, the strong performance of plants in France, and new units that began operations in several countries.Global coal‑fired generation dipped slightly in 2025, following an increase of 1.4% in 2024. The slight decline was in part due to unusual regional patterns. Unlike in recent years, coal-fired electricity output fell in both China and India…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Solar PV and wind
…of solar PV additions, up 50% from 2024 and accounting for one‑fifth of the EU total. Several other countries, including France, Lithuania and Romania, also set new records. Onshore wind capacity additions rose to about 13 GW in the European Union. Offshore wind additions, however, fell to just 1 GW, down from 1.7 GW in 2024, with only France and Germany installing new capacity.India’s annual renewable capacity additions increased by almost 60% in 2025, the fastest growth among major markets. This was driven by the commissioning of almost 50 GW of solar PV. India’s wind additions…
- Key findings
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- Oil
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle charging
…European Union, 11 out of 27 countries saw their public stock of charging points increase by more than 50% in 2024 compared to the previous year. At the end of 2024, the Netherlands had the largest national charging network in Europe, with over 180 000 public charging points, followed by Germany (160 000) and France (155 000). In Austria, 8 000 public charging points were added in 2024, most of which were supported by a subsidy that ended at the beginning of 2025. Installation of public charging points across the European Union is expected to increase as a result of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR)…
