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Global Energy and Climate Model About the Global Energy and Climate Model
Overview Since 1993, the IEA has provided medium- to long-term energy projections using a continually evolving set of detailed, world-leading modelling tools. First, the World Energy Model (WEM) – a large-scale simulation model designed to replicate how energy markets function – was developed. A decade later, the Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model – a technology-rich bottom-up model – was developed for use in parallel to the WEM.Over the past four years, the IEA has worked to develop a new integrated modelling framework: the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model. This model is now the principal tool…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Road transport
Road transport
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Anatomy of a natural gas crisis
…EU energy security, prompting EU legislation on supply security and gas market liberalisation. The unravelling of this dominant Russian supply position began ahead of the 2021/22 heating season through two significant and related developments. Russian pipeline flows to Europe fell by about 25% year on year in Q4 2021, notably as a result of Gazprom’s strategy to halt short-term and spot gas sales to EU buyers via its Electronic Sales Platform (which Gazprom set up in 2018 to sell spot volumes on the European market and used extensively to sell its surplus gas in 2019-2020). Simultaneously…
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Designing Energy Efficiency Policies to Enhance Affordability
…identified as a key challenge. In response, this report was developed to provide practical guidance on designing energy efficiency policies that support affordability, particularly in the buildings sector.As part of this work, the IEA conducted a survey with G7 governments to better understand the obstacles they face. On the consumer side, major challenges include the landlord-tenant split incentive, high upfront costs and administrative complexity. On the supply side, governments identified skills shortages and difficulties in reaching underserved communities.The report analyses the affordability-focused energy efficiency policies of G7 countries. These include targeted financial support, simplified programme design…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
The assessment shown below sets out actions reported by 116 oil and gas companies to achieve the goals set out in the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter, agreed at COP28. It is a baseline assessment, in that the evaluations for each metric are based on public company reporting published in 2024, which often rely on data and progress from 2023, i.e. before the OGDC was launched.This is not an assessment of environmental performance. It tracks 25 specific aspects of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the…
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United Arab Emirates
The majority of the energy produced in the United Arab Emirates is from natural gas and oil. The country is also a major exporter of oil and gas and it started using its strong solar PV potential in 2014 to produce electricity.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![United Arab Emirates Flag]()
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Addressing methane in the marketplace
…global methane emissions would fall by more than 12 million tonnes (Mt), or around 20% of total upstream oil and gas methane emissions. The real-world impact of a methane import standard would depend heavily on its design, enforcement and compliance. If import penalties are low relative to abatement costs, exporters and importers may choose not to comply. Alternatively, exporters could adjust trade flows (physically or via tradeable certificates) so that fuel with low-emissions intensity is directed to countries with an import standard, while higher-emission fuels are either consumed domestically or exported to unregulated markets. In this case…
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Energy System Resilience
…resilience – focuses on systems’ ability to cope with events exceeding standard planning conditions. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine has worked to protect its energy sector and to increase its ability to withstand and rapidly recover from Russia’s attacks on its energy infrastructure. The report explores the lessons that Ukraine has been learning as it works to bolster system resilience and identifies measures that apply to a range of high-impact events – such as cyberattacks, physical attacks on infrastructure, extreme and severe weather, and unexpected infrastructure failures – and can in turn be adopted by policymakers and…
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Wind
Wind has significant potential to boost growth in global renewable capacity
Electricity generation from renewables is expected to increase by 60% through 2030 – rising from 9 900 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2024 to 16 200 TWh by the end of the decade. Wind accounts for almost a third of growth, second only to solar PV, which accounts for 60%.
Although wind power continues to face supply chain issues, rising costs and permitting delays today, global capacity is still expected to nearly double to over 2 000 gigawatts (GW) by 2030 as both advanced and developing economies tackle these barriers.
Around…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Dashboard
…in either USD (2024, MER) or by project count. It is designed to complement the analysis in this report and to support deeper understanding of how different institutions and instruments shape China’s role in EMDE energy finance.Use the filters to explore how Chinese energy finance is distributed around the world. Definition of the fields Technology: specifies the type of technology the provided financing supports. When a specific project spans multiple technologies, they are split proportionally.Fossil fuel supply: Activities related to the extraction, processing and transport of fossil fuels, including coal mining, oil and gas production, liquefaction, refining…
