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Saving Energy
Today's energy shortages and high prices makes it more important than ever to use energy wisely With today’s global energy crisis resulting in high prices and shortages that are hurting consumers, businesses and entire economies, it has never been more important to use energy more wisely. We can do this through simple changes in behaviour and habits to consume less energy in our daily activities. We can also save energy by investing in more energy efficient products that reduce both our energy bills and our environmental footprint. Energy saving tips 7 ways to save energy 1. Heating: turn…
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The Middle East and Global Energy Markets
The IEA is responding to the energy market impacts of the conflict in the Middle East and continues to closely monitor the latest developments.The disruption to oil and gas flows through the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on energy infrastructure across the region have major implications for energy security and affordability – and for the world economy. The IEA's Executive Director has said the combined impacts amount to "the greatest threat to global energy security in history." The war in the region that began on 28 February has impeded energy trade flows through the Strait, creating the largest supply disruption in…
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Fossil Fuel Subsidies
…data. End-user price and consumption data are drawn from IEA data and, where necessary, from government sources and other reports. The estimates are also sensitive to reference prices, which are calculated based on international prices. Electricity reference prices are derived from annual average-cost pricing (see the section below for more on how reference prices are calculated).For economies that export a given fossil-energy product but charge less for it domestically, the domestic subsidies are implicit; they have no direct budgetary impact, so long as the price covers the cost of production. The subsidy, in this case, is…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…to climate action, based on a long-term decarbonisation pathway and a policy of energy and economic diversification and a just transition.In the context of the National Energy Plan 2020-2050, launched in 2016, Colombia started a journey to diversify its energy resources and ensure a reliable energy supply by promoting wind, solar and geothermal in the country’s electricity mix.At COP26, Colombia presented a net zero target and an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), aiming at a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. These ambitions are reflected in the long-term strategy, the E2050 Strategy…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Targeted consumer support to enhance energy affordability
…small businesses in remote and Island territories are often very exposed to increases in oil prices. Even in normal times, electricity generation on islands can cost 10 times more than on mainland territories where they are often dependent on diesel generators. As a response to this issue, Barbados, for example, has locked in the price of heavy fuel oil which powers electricity generation, at USD 92 per barrel for the three months, starting from April 2026.Experience from previous events can guide measures today. Between early 2022 and April 2023, governments had spent around USD 900 billion in direct grants…
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Portugal 2026 Policy recommendations for Portugal
…2045. Strong progress has been made, with emissions down 43% in 2024, driven mainly by decarbonisation of electricity supply. Portugal is now entering a mid-transition, in which further progress will depend increasingly on end-use sector decarbonisation, where emissions remain high and structural declines have yet to materialise.To stay on track to meets its goals, Portugal needs to translate its strategic ambitions into a coherent, co-ordinated national roadmap, such as the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality, which is under review in 2026. While the NECP identifies clear objectives, the pathways for achieving them are dispersed across numerous strategies…
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Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal Executive summary
…have adopted commitments to reduce coal-fired generation or emissions targets that imply a significant decline in coal consumption in the coming decades. To meet these targets, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has long emphasised that a range of strategies can be deployed to reduce coal emissions. The global energy crisis of the first half of 2026 has added a layer of complexity to coal transition and energy security strategies: heightened volatility in gas markets, driven in large part by conflict in the Middle East, has increased the short-term economic value of existing coal assets. At the same time…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Southeast Asia’s energy challenges and emerging opportunities
…use entails broader risks, including CO₂ emissions and air pollution, which contributed to an estimated 330 000 premature deaths in 2024. Measures implemented as of 7 May 2026. FX = foreign exchange. CB = central bank. Interest in nuclear power is growing as Southeast Asian countries look for firm, low-emissions electricity to meet rising demand and diversify power systems. Indonesia, the Philippines and Viet Nam have set development targets, while Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Myanmar are considering nuclear. Nuclear could strengthen electricity security by providing firm power, reducing fossil fuel imports and complementing renewables. However, projects require strong regulatory…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Investment and innovation
…25%.Hydrogen company valuations are being driven to new highs by one firm, while returns show modest signs of stabilisation and recovery. Bloom Energy stands out, adding almost USD 80 billion in market capitalisation in the past year, as surging electricity demand from AI data centres and long gas turbine backlogs boost prospects for its fuel cells, albeit initially running on natural gas.Multiple hydrogen technologies have advanced towards commercial deployment since 2020, but maturity remains uneven. High-capture CCUS-based hydrogen production has yet to be demonstrated, while hydrogen use in industry and synthetic hydrocarbons is only now moving to first…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Government energy spending
…for solar PV and wind over the past five years. Notably, China reduced its renewables subsidies and phased out feed-in tariffs for new projects in 2025. Similarly, Germany’s corresponding budget position was paused in 2022 and 2023 due to high electricity prices, and the United States enacted legislation in July 2025 to end its solar and wind tax credits for new projects starting in 2026. In contrast, the United Kingdom allocated an all-time high allocation to the Low Carbon Contracts Company, managing the contract-for-difference in the country, with USD 56 billion in 2025 alone.Since 2015…
