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Policy
Japan
2024
Renewable hydrogen exchange market trial in Tokyo
The Tokyo Commodity Exchange (Tocom), on behalf of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, launched hydrogen tenders in December 2024. On the supply side, one winner offered JPY 300/Nm³ (USD 21.2/kg). On the demand side, two winners bid JPY 89/Nm³ (USD 6.3/kg) and JPY 230/Nm³ (USD 16.3/kg). The government will subsidize the price gap. Deliveries ran from January to March 2025. A second trial is planned for July–September 2025. Supplier and buyer tenders were scheduled for May, with results expected in early June and contracts signed the same month. In June 2025…
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Policy
United Kingdom
2011
National Emergency Plan for Fuel
…set out in the National Emergency Plan for Fuel (NEP-F). They range from light-handed measures to the allocation and rationing of oil products. In a disruption that requires central government action, light-handed measures are preferred. Light-handed measures include: communication strategies to disseminate the relevant information quickly and to reassure the public to limit panic buying; demand-reducing measures, such as speed limit reductions and voluntary demand reduction campaigns; and the relaxation of regulations that affect the supply or use of petroleum products (e.g. gasoline, diesel, heating oil, and LPG) – such as those relating to drivers’…
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Policy
Korea
2025
5th Petroleum Stockpiling Plan
The 5th Petroleum Stockpiling Plan updates Korea’s strategic petroleum reserve framework to strengthen oil supply security and emergency response capacity. The plan is intended to manage public and industry-held petroleum stocks, storage infrastructure, release procedures and coordination among government, KNOC and private oil companies in the event of import disruption or severe price volatility. It should be understood as an oil emergency preparedness instrument rather than a demand-side fuel policy. If the original plan text becomes available, the reserve target, stockholding days and storage-capacity figures should be added.
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Policy
Indonesia
2013
Biofuel Blending (Ministry Regulation No. 25/2013)
…Non-PSO)
7%
10%
20%
10%
20%
25%
Industry
10%
15%
20%
10%
20%
25%
Electricity
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
30%
Ethanol (E100)
Old (MEMR Regulation 32/2008)
New (MEMR Regulation 25/2013)
2015
2020
2025
2015
2020
2025
Transportation (PSO)
3%
10%
15%
1%
5%
20%
Transportation (Non-PSO)
7%
12%
15%
2%
10%
20%
Industry
7%
12%
15%
2%
10%
20%
Electricity
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pure Palm Oil (O100)
Old (MEMR Regulation 32/2008)
New (MEMR Regulation 25/2013)
2015
2020
2025
2015
2020
2025
Industry
-
-
-
10%
20%
20%
Sea Transportation
-
-
-
10%
20%
20%
Air Transportation
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity
-
-
-
15%
20%
20%
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Policy
Kuwait
2024
Kuwait - Energy Budget 2024
The Ministry of Finance of Kuwait has announced the new budget for the 2024 year. The budget included the following sectors budgets: Fuels, Oils and Energy Sector: 2,717.076 million Kuwaiti Dinar Fuel: 19.605 million Kuwaiti Dinar Fuel for Operating Stations: 2,695.954 million Kuwaiti Dinar Lubricating Oils and Grease: 1.261 million Kuwaiti Dinar Gas: 0.256 million Kuwaiti Dinar 2. Electricity: 84.743 million Kuwaiti Dinar
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Policy
Ireland
2007
National Oil Reserves Agency Act 2007 - Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
The National Oil Reserves Agency Act 2007 includes renewable transport blending fuel obligation and is amended regularly to reflect EU directives. The act was revised in 2024 to set a biofuel blending mandate of 21%, and 1% for advanced biofuel.The act was further revised in 2026. where the new obligation reaches 32%, including a specific sub-target of 5% for advanced biofuels and renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBOs).
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Policy
Cyprus
2024
Decree 5880
Decree 5880 sets minimum reserve requirements for imported petroleum products in 2024 to mitigate emergencies and supply shortages.
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Policy
Ireland
2023
Oil Emergency Contingency And Transfer Of Renewable Transport Fuel Functions Act 2023, Section 20
Section 20 of the Oil Emergency Contingency and Transfer of Renewable Transport Fuel Functions Act 2023 amended the National Oil Reserves Agency Act 2007 to provide for the preparation of an oil emergency plan in response to an oil emergency.
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Policy
Romania
2018
Law No. 85/2018 on the establishment and maintenance of minimum reserves of crude oil and/or petroleum products
This law establishes the conditions for establishing and maintaining a minimum level of stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum products, in order to guarantee security of supply, in the event of major supply disruptions, special emergency situations or local crisis situations. Both the central storage entity in Romania and economic operators who import more than 1000 tons of crude oil/petroleum products have to stockpile oil.
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Policy
Portugal
2009
Biodiesel tax exemption
Retroactively effective 1 January 2009, Order 134/2009, establishes an exemption from the Tax on Petroleum and Energy Products (ISP) of EUR 280 per 1000 litres of biofuel replacing diesel.