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Health
…at wider health impacts Energy efficiency policies across the world have shown positive health impacts for the population. For instance, in a programme in Australia, 49% of participants reported better health due to efficient heating systems. In a South African programme, energy retrofits led to a 81% reduction in self-reported illness among households. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the Warm Up New Zealand Programme concluded that 90% of all benefits are health-related, with hospital admissions for respiratory conditions dropping by 43%, saving the country over USD 1 billion in health costs. In Ireland, in an analysis of the Warmth…
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Assessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options
…storage (CCUS) for managing the naturally-occurring CO2 from LNG supply. Introduction Around 550 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas were exported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2024, just under 15% of global natural gas consumption. A further 500 bcm of natural gas were transported through pipelines. Global LNG supply has grown faster than overall natural gas demand in recent years. This trend is set to continue with the arrival of nearly 300 bcm of new annual LNG supply capacity between 2025 and 2030. Previous International Energy Agency (IEA) analysis has highlighted that the greenhouse gas emissions associated with extracting…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Energy efficiency and fuel switching regulations
…with significant withdrawals, relaxed legislation and postponements coming into force. MEPS covering 30% of global energy demand were made less stringent or saw implementation delayed, while only 17% of demand covered by MEPS saw increased stringency. The most significant decreases in efficiency stringency were in the United States, where the One Big Beautiful Bill Act removed corporate average fuel economy civil penalties, and the Department of Energy repealed earlier energy conservation standards for selected appliances. These changes are expected to have large impacts on MEPS compliance out to 2030. Other notable delays or decreases in stringency included revisions to the United Kingdom…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap
…and climate pollution, and road injuries and deaths).Since national and municipal policies shape transport technology, infrastructure and operations, the report first examines the country as a whole, followed by Georgia’s largest cities. With road vehicles responsible for more than 98% of domestic transport energy use and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, the focus is on road transport.Opportunities identified include improving vehicle efficiency – particularly by accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption – and cutting reliance on inefficient vehicles by reducing unnecessary car travel and shifting to buses, metro, walking and cycling, as well as intercity passenger and freight rail. These opportunities…
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Oil Market Report - April 2026
…Energy podcast with senior oil market analysts Rebecca Schulz and David Martin, which draws on fresh data and analysis from the April OMR Highlights Oil demand is expected to contract by 80 kb/d this year, as the Iran war upends our global outlook. This is 730 kb/d less than in last month’s Report and a forecast 1.5 mb/d 2Q26 decline would be the sharpest since Covid-19 slashed fuel consumption. Initially, the deepest cuts in oil use have come in the Middle East and Asia Pacific, mainly for naphtha, LPG and jet fuel. However, demand…
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How governments can best support consumers during this energy crisis
…relief, such as fuel price caps or tax cuts, and through demand-side measures aimed at reducing energy use. Designing these measures well is critical, and international experience offers useful lessons. While easy to deploy, untargeted energy bill support primarily benefits higher-income households and puts pressure on public finances When prices rise sharply, governments often first turn to broad-based price support measures that can provide immediate relief to consumers. This is already happening, with several countries in Asia and Europe temporarily capping fuel prices or reducing energy taxes.However, while untargeted support measures can be implemented relatively quickly…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Coal
…to 2024 levels, recording a slight increase of 0.1%.While China saw continued strong electricity demand growth in 2025, this was met by a combination of fast growth in solar PV and wind generation, increased hydropower output and growth in nuclear power. As a result, coal electricity generation in China declined by around 1.5% in 2025, falling for only the second time since the 1970s. Coal use in energy-intensive industry in China also declined as steel and cement output shrank by 4% and 7%, respectively. However, these declines were largely offset by an increase in demand for…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
…of Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs, under the Paris Agreement. Strong ambition and implementation of these NDCs will be crucial in determining the pace at which global greenhouse gas emissions decline over the next decade.The IEA is working with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat and sharing data, analysis and policy advice with governments to inform this process.Our Climate Pledges Explorer tracks existing NDCs and net zero targets for more than 190 countries. The interactive database, which also lays out what each country’s NDC implies for energy sector emissions, is updated regularly. Working with countries to accelerate progres...
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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap
…with the Chilean Ministry of Energy, sets out a detailed pathway for the country to reach its legally binding goal of net zero emissions by 2050 while expanding economic growth and improving energy security and affordability. This pathway relies on four pillars: accelerating energy efficiency, decarbonising the power sector, electrifying end-use sectors, and building modern, resilient electricity grids. The report examines the investment needed to realise the pathway, the opportunities to reduce household bills, and the improvement of air quality. It explores how Chile can also leverage its natural resources in the global energy transition with opportunities for the…
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Oil 2025 Executive summary
…our 2024-30 forecast period. The anticipated output increase from OPEC+ and the impact of higher tariffs on trade pushed oil prices to four-year lows in April and early May. As a result, oil executives are recalibrating investment plans. However, oil prices have since rebounded after an exchange of air strikes between Israel and Iran started on 13 June 2025. With geopolitical and economic uncertainties affecting oil producers and consumers alike, oil supply security remains high on the international energy policy agenda. Oil markets are going through a fundamental transformation as the drivers of global oil supply and demand…
