• Country

        Japan

        Japan’s energy policy is guided by principles of energy security, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and safety. Achieving the aim of carbon-neutrality by 2050 will require substantially accelerating the deployment of low-carbon technologies by 2030, to address regulatory and institutional barriers and further enhance competition in energy markets. It will also be important to develop different decarbonisation scenarios and to prepare for the possibility that certain low-carbon technologies, such as nuclear, might not expand as quickly as hoped. Stronger reliance on market-based instruments, such as carbon pricing, could be one policy option for Japan to cost…

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        • Country

        Argentina

        Argentina’s total primary energy mix is dominated by natural gas (55%) and oil (33%), with bioenergy contributing 5%, and hydropower and nuclear another 3% each. Argentina has the 2nd largest reserve of shale gas and the 4th largest reserve of shale oil worldwide. In 2019, the country produced 500,000 bpd of oil, of which 89,000 bpd was exported, but the country remains a net importer of oil products. In terms of power generation, Argentina relies on natural gas (65%), hydropower (18%), followed by nuclear 8%, wind (7%) and solar (1%). A set of public policies have boosted…

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        • Country report

        • Mar 2026

        Energy and AI in East Asia

        This report was commissioned by the Korea Energy Economics Institute and was carried out jointly by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Korea Energy Economics Institute. The study has three objectives in the context of East Asia. First is to explore the possibilities presented by AI for the energy sector. Second is to examine the expected increase in electricity demand by data centres, and the impact on grid planning and operation. Third is to provide policy recommendations for embracing the opportunities presented by the application of AI to energy, as well as policies for proactively managing the challenges presented by…

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        • Country

        Montenegro

        The Energy Development Strategy of Montenegro sets out objectives and defines mechanisms for the transition from the current energy system to a safe, competitive and environmentally acceptable energy paradigm by 2025. It also provides guidelines for the development of the energy sector with the aim of attracting investors.
        Data for Montenegro is included under Serbia until 2004.

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        • Country

        Mozambique

        In Mozambique, around 40% of people have access to electricity, through the grid or mini/off-grid systems. The government has promoted solar PV solutions in rural areas, reporting that 700 schools and 800 other public buildings now have electricity from solar.

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        • Country

        North Macedonia

        North Macedonia

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        • Policy

        • Indonesia

        • 2025

        Guidelines for the Use of Domestic Products for Electricity Infrastructure Development

        In Indonesia, Independent power producers are required by Minister of Industry Regulation Number 54/M-IND/PER/3/2012to prioritise the use of domestic products in developing power generation projects, notably renewable energy projects. Minimum domestic product requirements, which were updated in 2017 and 2023, are defined for the development of electricity infrastructure, including geothermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants and, since 2023, solar power plants.Under current legislation, solar power plant modules are subject to a 60% domestic content threshold since January 2024.  In addition, the construction of geothermal power plants is to be carried out by domestic companies…

        • Country

        Costa Rica

        Costa Rica’s energy policy aims to move from a fossil fuels based energy system towards renewable energy sources and to expand its power generation capacity, replacing old power generating stations and developing new projects.

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        • Policy

        • Indonesia

        • 2023

        Provision of Electric Cooking Equipment for Households

        The Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources is distributing 500,000 units of cooking equipment to households. 

        • Policy

        • Indonesia

        • 2015

        Cooling systems import restrictions

        The Indonesian Ministry of Trade issued regulation 84/M-DAG/PER/10/2015 amending its import restrictions for goods with cooling systems.

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