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Policy
European Union
2022
RePowerEU Plan: Joint European action on gas supply security
…Union and make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030. Measures related to gas supply security include:Common purchases of non-Russian gas, LNG and hydrogen via the EU Energy Platform for all Member States who want to participate as well as Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia and the Western BalkansDiversification through new partnerships with reliable suppliers, including future cooperation on renewables and low-emission gasesA legislative proposal on minimum gas storage, with an 80% filling target by 1 November 2022 and to 90% ahead of all following winter periods Support to coordinated gas refilling operations, for example through joint procurement…
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Policy
United States
1996
(Texas) Statewide Rule 32, Title 16, Part 1, Chapter 3, Rule §3.32
…and up to 180 days. A few exceptions apply:· Requests for exceptions for more than 180 days could be granted only when volumes greater than 50 mcf/day of hydrocarbon gas and in a final order signed by the commission. · If operators present that initial exception or latest renewal granted have not significantly changed conditions of the facility despite a good-faith attempt by the operator to direct the gas to or utilise the gas, the commission might grant a renewal up to 180 days. · An exception may be indefinitely approved administratively if flaring is less than 50 mcf/day…
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Policy
Spain
2025
Auction for 1.2 GW of cogeneration capacity (2nd call)
Auctions for 1.2 GW of co-generation between 2025 and 2027 (400 MW to be auctioned every year). Additional costs from benefits received by these cogeneration units will be passed on to the system costs and are expected to be EUR 295-530 million/yr. Gas co-generation should be ready to consume at least 10% renewable hydrogen. Minimum size of 100 MW
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Policy
Oman
2024
Competitive public auctions for land concessions for hydrogen projects
Two policies establish competitive auctions for hydrogen projects: the Green Hydrogen Strategy (land leases for 47 years, reduced land fees) and Royal Decree No. 10/2023 (usufruct land allocation, including legacy bilateral deals).
Auction Rounds:
1st round in June 2023: Two projects in Duqm
2nd round in April 2024: Two projects in Dhofar, USD 11B, 378 ktpa
3rd round in April 2025: 300 km² block, bids for ≥100 km², ≥50 ktpa per 100 km², no bank guarantees, outside SEZ, includes royalties and fees
Timeline:
June 2025: RFPs issued
Oct 2025: Proposal deadline
Jan 2026: Final bids
Q2 2026: Awards announced… -
Policy
India
2024
SIGHT Programme Ammonia - Component II (Mode 2A) Tranche I
India has allocated INR 11.65 billion (USD 140 million) to subsidize 750 ktpa of renewable ammonia production over three years, with support decreasing from USD 106/t to USD 64/t. Projects must meet a carbon intensity cap of 2 kg CO₂-eq/kg H₂. The tender, extended to January 2025, has faced delays and industry pushback, prompting requests for more flexible timelines, USD-denominated bids, longer contracts, and reduced financial guarantees. As of March 2025, 13 projects totaling 724 ktpa were pre-selected, though supply has not yet begun. Recent amendments include improved payment security, reduced trading margins…
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Policy
Australia
2022
2022-23 Budget includes funding for hydrogen
…at Darwin, together with associated carbon capture and storage infrastructure. Darwin is positioned to become one of the world’s leading low-cost clean energy hubs, with access to excellent onshore and offshore natural gas and greenhouse gas storage resources, including the Beetaloo and Petrel basins and the Barossa and Bayu-Undan fields.
- $247.1 million to support private sector investment in low emissions technologies including hydrogen, the continued development of a hydrogen Guarantee of Origin scheme.
- $200 million to enhance Australia’s supply chain security through new low emissions manufacturing facilities (using hydrogen and hydrogen-derivatives like ammonia, as… -
Policy
India
2020
Launch of Real Time Market (RTM)
…The operations are carried out in accordance with the Procedure for Scheduling Collective Transactions in the Real Time Market as issued by Power System Operation Corporation Ltd; CERC Power Market Regulations, 2010; CERC Open Access in inter-State Transmission Regulations, 2008; CERC Indian Electricity Grid Code Regulations, 2010 as amended from time to time and the Bye-Laws, Rules and Business Rules of the Exchange.
Market Features:
Trading of 15 minute contracts
Double-sided anonymous auction bidding process
Buyers and sellers to obtain Clearance from SLDC by based on availability of network and ABT meters
Exchange to publish Area Clearing… -
Policy
Ireland
2025
Strategic Gas Emergency Reserve (FSRU)
In March 2025, Ireland approved a state-led strategic gas emergency reserve to strengthen energy security and ensure compliance with the EU N-1 infrastructure standard. The reserve will be delivered as a Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU), owned and operated by Gas Networks Ireland on behalf of the State. It is designed as a non-commercial, emergency-only facility, activated during supply disruptions, and explicitly defined as a temporary transitional measure to avoid fossil fuel lock-in while Ireland expands renewable energy and reduces import dependence.
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Policy
South Africa
2022
2022 General Fuel Levy freeze & reduction
In order to cushion domestic consumers and the national economy from the effects of oil price rise, the South African government decided in February 2023 to freeze the general fuel levy on petrol and diesel.A month later, this support was enhanced with a temporary reduction in the general fuel levy of ZAR 1.50/ litre, enacted from April until the end of May 2022.
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Contributor
Betty Cherwon
Ambassador, Kenya. Ambassador Betty Cherwon, MBS, ‘ndc’(K) is a long serving Foreign Service Officer at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of the Republic of Kenya. She is a seasoned diplomat who joined the Ministry in 1996 and has served in various capacities in the Ministry and its Missions in Berlin, Cairo and London. Prior to her appointment as Kenya’s Ambassador to France with accreditation to Portugal, Serbia, Monaco and the Holy See, Ambassador Cherwon was the Chief of Protocol at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of the Republic of Kenya, a post she held from 2020 to 2023. Ambassador Cherwon has a cross-section of expertise and skills acquired for almost 20 years in the fields of Public Policy, Strategic Planning, Protocol, Negotiation, Political Analysis and Diplomatic Etiquette. Ambassador Cherwon has an MA in International Studies from the University of Nairobi. She holds a BA in Education from Kenyatta University and a Postgraduate Diploma in Diplomacy ...