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            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

              Fuel report — 17 June 2026

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            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

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              Fuel report — 20 March 2026

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                • Report

                • Aug 2010

                Modelling Load Shifting Using Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid Environment

                Modelling Load Shifting Using Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid Environment Electric vehicles (EVs) represent both a new demand for electricity and a possible storage medium that could supply power to utilities. The "load shifting" and "vehicle-to-grid" concepts could help cut electricity demand during peak periods and prove especially helpful in smoothing variations in power generation introduced to the grid by variable renewable resources such as wind and solar power. This report proposes a method for simulating the potential benefits of using EVs in load shifting and "vehicle-to-grid" applications for four different regions – the United States…

                • Fuel report

                • Jul 2019

                The Role of Gas in Today's Energy Transitions

                World Energy Outlook special report This World Energy Outlook special report examines the role of fuel switching, primarily from coal to natural gas, to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants. Four case studies, covering the United States, the European Union, the People’s Republic of China, and India, reveal the various opportunities, hurdles and limits of fuel switching as a way to address environmental challenges. Natural gas is one of the mainstays of global energy. Where it replaces more polluting fuels, it improves air quality and limits emissions of carbon dioxide. In this analysis, we explore how widespread…

                • News

                • 03 Jun 2024

                IEA and COP29 Presidency to convene signature event on turning pledges to cut methane emissions into action

                Two-day event in Baku ahead of COP29 will gather high-level participants from around the world to help make substantial promises from past year a reality The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the COP29 Presidency of Azerbaijan will co-host a major event aimed at implementing growing commitments to cut methane emissions from fossil fuels – a critical step in keeping the goal of 1.5 °C within reach.The two-day event will take place in Baku, Azerbaijan, in September – shortly before the city hosts the COP29 climate change conference. The signature event will bring together high-level participants…

                • Technology report

                • May 2025

                Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Regional snapshotsRegional snapshots

                Policymakers have woken up to these energy security challenges with a wave of new policy initiatives Governments around the world are intensifying efforts to secure critical mineral supplies through public funding, strategic partnerships and domestic policy reforms. In Europe, regulatory support and investments have ramped up to support critical mineral supply, supported by national investment funds and cross-border partnerships. North America is leveraging financial incentives to stimulate private-sector investment. Latin America, rich in critical minerals, is projected to reach USD 154 billion in mining and refining value amid regulatory reforms to attract foreign capital. China, already dominant, is…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Overview of outlook for key mineralsOverview of outlook for key minerals
                • Policy mechanisms for diversified mineral suppliesPolicy mechanisms for diversified mineral supplies
                • Beyond NMC batteries: Supply chain issues for emerging battery technologiesBeyond NMC batteries: Supply chain issues for emerging battery technologies
                • + 3 pages

                Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Shutterstock 2317356159
                • Country

                South Africa

                Coal is the mainstay of the South African energy system, meeting around 70% of installed power generation capacity. The 2019 Integrated Resource Plan however sets out a long-term diversification of the power mix by 2030 and moves towards lightening the carbon footprint of the energy sector while meeting growing energy demand and ensuring a socio-economically just transition. While the options to diversify the country's electricity mix appear diverse, the affordability of electricity supply looms as a key concern and a potential constraint on diversification. The structure of consumption and of spending on electricity is skewed towards higher…

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                South Africa Flag
                • Fuel report

                • Mar 2004

                Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA Countries

                Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA Countries This publication examines how energy efficiency and other factors such as economic structure, income, lifestyle, prices, and fuel mix have shaped developments of energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries since the IEA was founded 30 years ago.
                The study presents some challenging findings, e.g. that the rate of energy savings in IEA economies has slowed since 1990. It provides a rich set of data and insights that help to increase the understanding of how energy efficiency and lower-carbon fuels can be used to…

                • Report

                • May 2001

                Towards a Sustainable Energy Future

                Towards a Sustainable Energy Future The manner in which we produce and consume energy is of crucial importance to sustainable development, as energy has deep relationships with each of its three dimensions -- the economy, the environment and social welfare. These relationships develop in a fast-moving and complex situation characterised by increasing globalisation, growing market liberalisation and new technologies, as well as by growing concerns about climate change and energy-supply security. In order to make energy an integral part of sustainable development, new policies need to be developed. Such policies must strike a balance among the three dimensions of…

                • Contributor

                Talya Vatman

                Russia, Caspian and Black Sea Programme Manager.

                • News

                • 18 Apr 2025

                60 countries from across the globe to take part in international Summit on the Future of Energy Security in London

                Held in partnership with UK government on 24-25 April, the Summit will bring together 120 high-level figures, including Ministers, CEOs, heads of international organisations, civil society representatives and more The International Energy Agency today announced that some 60 governments from countries around the world – the large majority at Minister or equivalent level – will take part in the international Summit on the Future of Energy Security, which is being held in partnership with the UK government in London on 24-25 April.The Ministers and senior government officials taking part in the Summit are from countries across Africa, the…

                • Fuel report

                • Jan 2021

                Gas Market Report, Q1-2021

                Part of Gas 2021 Global gas demand fell by an estimated 2.5% or 100 billion cubic metres (bcm) in 2020 – its largest drop on record. Amid this slowdown, gas demand for power generation remained resilient owing to fuel switching, while the whole supply chain showed strong flexibility in adjusting to demand variations. Gas trade globalisation progressed with increasing liquidity, while prices experienced historical lows and extreme volatility. The Covid-19 crisis and a well-supplied market put investment on hold, whereas gas market reforms and clean gas policy initiatives gained momentum in major consuming markets.
                2021 opens with price…

                • 2020 highlights2020 highlights
                LNG pipelines.
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