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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for gaseous fuels
…its partners debate ways to reduce reliance on Russian gas and curtail its revenue from energy sales. The strains on gas supply have also led to energy shortages in several parts of the developing world that rely on imported gas, notably Pakistan and Bangladesh. Major growth markets for gas such as India and China have meanwhile sharply reduced their LNG imports in 2022. Key findings The traditional arguments in favour of natural gas have focused on its role as a reliable partner for the clean energy transition and its ability to step in to fill the gap left by declining…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestones
…from its dependence on imported fossil fuels.In the summary below, the recommendations offered in this roadmap have been grouped into three categories to help the government prioritise its actions effectively and ensure a systematic transition toward low-carbon mobility. Each category reflects the level of urgency, impact and feasibility of the proposals:Critical Measures: These are high-priority actions essential for achieving energy and transport policy goals. They require immediate implementation and will have the greatest impact on emissions reduction, infrastructure development and regulatory frameworks.Important Measures: While not as urgent, these actions are necessary for long- term success…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Investment and innovation
…and risk-sharing instruments are essential to scaling up hydrogen projects, particularly for first-of-a-kind deployments and emerging technologies. Collaboration among original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), project developers, public funders and insurers may help reduce perceived risk and strengthen investor confidence.Hydrogen venture capital (VC) fundraising fell by one-third in 2024, outpacing declines in broader energy VC. Publicly traded hydrogen companies have also continued to see lower investor returns and revenues over the past year.Development finance institutions are increasingly backing blended finance structures, with recent disbursements focused on early-stage costs, including projects in Brazil, Egypt, Morocco…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
Highlights New market-entrants focusing on electric car production are expanding rapidly. Pure-play electric car makers, especially those from China and US-based Tesla, are capturing a growing share of sales; some 45% of global electric car sales in 2024 are from pure-play electric car makers, compared to 35% in 2019. The growth in electric car sales affects both car makers and automotive suppliers, especially those producing powertrains and related components. The automotive supplier market is worth about USD 1.3 trillion, equivalent to over 40% of the global car market. For all components except batteries, companies from…
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine Distributed solar PV in Ukraine
…accelerate the deployment of this technology. It focuses on expanding the capacity of distributed solar PV to achieve the modelled results from IEA report Empowering Ukraine through a Decentralised Energy System, which outlines a pathway to rebuild and modernise Ukraine’s power sector amid ongoing attacks on energy infrastructure.The IEA estimates Ukraine would need to add around 4 GW of distributed PV per year until 2030 (over 24 GW in total) to create a more decentralised and secure power system and achieve the objectives laid out in its national energy and climate plan (NECP). Ukraine will also need an…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Southeast Asia
…ore reserves, and for the Philippines and Thailand, which rely heavily on steel imports to meet demand. Hydrogen-based steel could contribute to satisfying the expected regional steel demand growth, but faces competition from China. In the maritime sector, more than 85% of total energy demand is from international shipping in Singapore, which is pursuing a multi-fuel strategy, performing trials and defining technical standards for ammonia and methanol bunkering. In aviation, demand is concentrated in a few airports, so supplying these with synthetic fuel could make large strides towards decarbonisation.Near-term actions include prioritising renewables deployment, which could…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle charging
…at least 150 kW every 60 km along the TEN-T core road network by 2025. Each station must offer a minimum total power output of 400 kW, increasing to 600 kW by the end of 2027. In addition, roll-out of private charging at residential and commercial buildings is covered under the revised EU Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, which establishes criteria for pre-cabling to prevent the future need to retrofit parking infrastructure, which can be costly. The United States increased its charging stock by 20% in 2024 to just under 200 000 public charging points. The National EV Infrastructure Program…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Understanding methane emissions
Atmospheric methane concentrations continue to rise Methane (CH4) is the second-most harmful greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2), trapping outgoing heat and warming the atmosphere through a process known as radiative forcing. Though it lingers in the atmosphere for far less time (12 years, compared with centuries for CO2), methane absorbs substantially more energy while it does. Cutting methane emissions therefore promises significant near-term climate benefits. Methane carries other hazards, too: it contributes to the formation of ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a harmful pollutant, and methane leaks can also pose explosion risks.Atmospheric methane concentrations today are 2…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Natural gas
…by 2.7%, or 115 billion cubic metres (bcm) (equivalent to around 4 EJ) in 2024. This was above the around 2% annual average growth rate from 2010 to 2019 and well above the rate of around 1% between 2019 and 2023, amid the Covid pandemic and global energy crisis. Emerging market and developing economies in Asia accounted for around 40% of additional gas demand in 2024 on the back of continued economic expansion. Industry and power sectors drove higher consumption From a sectoral perspective, global gas demand growth was largely supported by industry and electricity generation, which accounted for…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Regional insights
…on Climate Change (IPCC). Meanwhile, work integrating satellite observations with Colombia’s national methane inventory has identified underreporting in the energy sector and offers a model for improving national inventories. The United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) is currently conducting a study on the sources of methane emissions in Colombia and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) is supporting efforts to strengthen monitoring, reporting and verification in that country’s mining sector.All of the region’s major energy producers have signed the Global Methane Pledge, except for Venezuela. Colombia is the only country with…