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Policy
India
2005
Integrated Energy Policy
…Chair of the Planning Commission, an expert commitee was established to develop an comprehensive energy policy in 2004. The Integrated Energy Policy, released in August 2006, addresses all aspects of energy, including energy security, access and availability, affordability and pricing, efficiency and the environment.In relation to renewable energy, the policy proposed:- the phase-out of capital subsidies by the end of the 10th Plan linked to creation of renewable grid power capacity;- requiring power regulators to seek alternative incentive structures that encourage utilities to integrate wind, small hydro, cogeneration and so on into their systems, and the linking of…
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Policy
India
2006
Integrated Energy Policy
…the Planning Commission, an expert committee was established to develop a comprehensive energy policy in 2004. The Integrated Energy Policy, released in August 2006, addresses all aspects of energy, including energy security, access and availability, affordability and pricing, efficiency and the environment. The broad vision behind the energy policy is to provide safe and convenient energy at the lowest cost in a technically efficient, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable manner -thereby reliably meeting the demand for energy services of all sectors, including the energy needs of vulnerable households in all parts of the country.On energy efficiency, the IEP proposes…
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Country report
Dec 2025
China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies
Evolving institutions, instruments and implications for clean energy transitions Global energy investment exceeded USD 3.3 trillion in 2025, but capital flows remain uneven. Emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) outside China attracted just 27% of total energy investment and 18% of clean energy spending, despite accounting for nearly two-thirds of the global population and the bulk of future demand. Addressing this imbalance requires mobilising more capital from diverse sources into EMDE energy systems.China continues to play a central role in global energy investment flows because of its large domestic investments and its large external capital spending on energy. Since…
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Policy
France
2022
Power Purchasing Act
…framework for national load-shedding implementation and the prohibition of all luminous advertising in the event of a threat to the security of electricity supplydefining rules (notably a raise in GHG limits) enabling the extended use or reactivation of the last two domestic coal-fired power stations: Cordemais, still in operation, and Saint-Avold which was closed in March 2022 and could restart temporarilysimplifying standards applicable to biogas projectsb- Consumer affordability policies:freezing of the ceiling for the ARENH tariff, which applies to non-historic energy suppliers when purchasing EDF nuclear power production, at 120 TWh per year until 2025…
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Policy
Vanuatu
2013
Vanuatu National Energy Road Map (NERM) 2013-2020
…towards the use of regular bulk deliveries to outer islands.
Targets:
Reduce the cost of distributing all petroleum products in Vanuatu by 5% in 2015 and 10% in 2020;
Improvements in Health, Safety and Environmental Standards. All Operators to meet new standards by 2020.
3) Affordability: A more affordable and low cost of energy services in Vanuatu
Description:
Address consumers’ current ability to pay for connection and on-going tariffs;
Explore options (ficial and technical) to increase affordability for both on-grid and off-grid consumers;
Promote least cost investment in the electricity sector;
Introduce price monitoring for petrol, kerosene… -
Fuel report
Mar 2026
Sheltering From Oil Shocks Targeted consumer support to enhance energy affordability
Many governments around the world are reacting quickly to protect consumers from increasing fuel prices. In the days following the conflict in the Middle East, the IEA has tracked announcements from around 40 countries that are deploying or considering deploying emergency measures to shelter consumers from price increases. Immediate government responses have been to implement price caps, fuel subsidies and shifts in taxation, along with price stabilisation mechanisms that can quickly set limits on consumer price increases. Previous crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the 2022 energy crisis, demonstrated that impacts often fall disproportionately on the poorer segments of…
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Policy
European Union
2020
European Commission’s Renovation Wave Strategy
…in the construction sector. The EU must adopt an encompassing and integrated strategy involving a wide range of sectors and actors on the basis of the following key principles: -‘Energy efficiency first’ as a horizontal guiding principle of European climate and energy governance and beyond, as outlined in the European Green Deal 9 and the EU strategy on Energy System Integration 10, to make sure we only produce the energy we really need; -Affordability, making energy-performing and sustainable buildings widely available, in particular for medium and lower-income households and vulnerable people and areas; -Decarbonisation and integration of renewables…
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Policy
Maldives
2010
Promote renewable energy technologies (Policy no. 5, Maldives National Energy Policy and Strategy 2010)
…the economic feasibility for renewable energy projects that are environmentally and socially sound.
Assist the development of the renewable energy sector in increasing its contribution to the energy supply through the introduction of incentives and/or access to green funding that will attract the participation of the private sector.
Strategies from related policies:
Introduce incentives to power sector developers by facilitating access to grants, concessional finance and duty concessions to ensure affordability of energy supply(Policy: Provide all citizens with access to affordable and reliable supply of electricity)
Achievement: In order to attract relatively large financing from the private sector… -
Report
Jun 2025
Grid investments
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores grid investments. Why is energy efficiency important for grid investments? As we enter the Age of Electricity, global electricity demand is rising rapidly – and so is the demand for the expansion of electricity grids. Energy efficiency can help close the gap between supply and demand, but often at a lower cost, and more quickly, than new generation and grid expansion. Key facts On average, energy efficiency costs less than half the amount it would cost to build new generation capacity and grid infrastructure, per unit of…
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Report
Jun 2025
Emission reductions
…lack access to clean cooking, air pollution is linked to around 3.7 million premature deaths a year. Replacing open fires and inefficient stoves with cleaner, more modern stoves and fuels reduces household air pollution and improves efficiency. Indoor air pollution from liquid petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves is only around 5% of pollution from traditional biomass, while being over three times more efficient. Switching from LPG to electric cooking would further reduce indoor air pollution by 25% and is over 1.5 times more efficient. Need more information? IEA (2024), Energy Efficiency 2024.IEA (2023), A Vision for Clean Cooking Access…