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Policy
People's Republic of China
2012
Energy saving and new energy automotive industry development plan 2012-2020
…industry, foster new economic growth and support preservation of natural environment. Full transition to pure electric vehicles will be achieved by promotion campaigns of such automobiles, popularization of non-plug-in hybrid vehicles and energy-saving internal combustion engine vehicles.It is estimated that by 2015 total production and sales of pure electric cars and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 500,000 and more than 5 million by 2020. By 2020, cars will consume 5 litres/100km of fossil fuels and new energy cars, power cells and key part produced in China will reach an international level of advancement.
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Policy
People's Republic of China
2007
Medium and Long Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued its Medium and Long Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy in September 2007. The Plan establishes targets for the development of various sources of renewable energy up to 2020 calling for the percentage of renewable energy to rise to 10% of total energy consumption by 2010 and 15% by 2020.
An investment of CNY 2 trillion (approximately USD 263 billion) before 2020 on renewable energy development in China is envisaged to reach this goal.
By 2020, the plan calls for the development of a total of:
300 000 MW of hydropower -
30… -
Policy
People's Republic of China
2012
Wind Power Technology Development 12th Five Year Special Planning
…systems:
3 - 5MW direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine and component design and manufacturing and industrialization, and
7MW class wind turbine and component design manufacture, installation and operation of complete industrialization of technology and promote the industrialization of China's large-capacity wind turbine.
On top of that, Wind Energy Resource Assessment Center was established in March 2012. The institution is responsible for data gathering on wind resources availability in China as well as for creating database and informing on intellectual property rights about wind farms designs that are in line with China’s environment and terrain conditions. -
Policy
People's Republic of China
2013
Notice on the related issues of the application of subsidies based on electric quantity of distributed PV power grid
…timely adjust. Specific standards for development and Reform Commission issued distributed photovoltaic power tariff will issued clear. Power grid enterprises meter reading meter reading cycle according to user power generation, the inclusion of distributed photovoltaic power generation project subsidies directory within the project online quantity and spontaneous own demand, as calculated allowance basis. The central government according to the additional renewable energy tariff income and distributed photovoltaic power generation project is expected to power generation, according to China State Grid Corp, the South quarter where the Power Grid Corp and local independent power grid enterprises provincial financial departments earmarked subsidies.
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Policy
Norway
1999
Multi-lateral Agreements to Reduce CO2 Emissions: Slovakia
…from each country agreed that Norway would contribute NOK 1.2 million to modernise two district heating systems in Slovakia through the replacement of coal and natural gas with bioenergy. While the net reduction in CO 2 emissions was expected to be only 50,000 metric tons over 30 years, both ministers expressed hope for expanded co-operation on these matters in years to come. The agreement with Slovakia arrived in addition to similar Norwegian agreements with Poland, Mexico, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica and China. In 2002, Norway negotiated other such agreements with Romania, India, the Baltic States and Russia.
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Contributor
Peter Levi
Head of Technology Supply Chain Unit. Peter Levi first joined the Energy Technology Policy Division of the IEA in 2016 and now leads the sectoral analysis of Industry within the Division. In this role he is focussed on the technologies and policies that can be employed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from energy-intensive sectors within industry – steel, cement, chemicals, aluminium and paper – as well as cross-cutting themes such as energy security, technology supply chains, innovation, hydrogen, carbon capture and electrification.
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Fuel report
Feb 2026
Electricity 2026 Reliability
Largescale outages amid system instability, equipment failures and weather impacts As the Age of Electricity evolves, with steadily rising electrification rates and electricity demand, blackouts can impact a vast part of economies and social life. Outages induced by operational failures, technical error, or climate-driven events illustrate the importance of redundancy, resilience, and thorough oversight. The following list of outage incidents in 2025 underscores how ensuring the security, reliability and resilience of power systems is evolving from a technical challenge to a strategic necessity that requires unwavering attention from system operators, regulators, and policy leaders. Voltage management increasingly important for…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Contributor
Masakazu Toyoda
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Institute of Energy Economics. Masakazu Toyoda has led the Institute of Energy Economics in Japan since July 2010. He is also a board member of several global organisations and companies. Prior to joining the IEEJ, he held prominent government positions in Japan, including Vice Minister for International Affairs at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
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Contributor
Dr Sultan Al Jaber
President-Designate for COP28. Dr Sultan Al Jaber is the President-Designate of COP28; the UAE’s Minister for Industry and Advanced Technology and Special Envoy for Climate; Chairman of Masdar; and Group CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC).