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Scaling Up Demand Flexibility
From peak management to efficient system operation This report has been developed as part of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Digital Demand-Driven Electricity Networks (3DEN) initiative to examine the growing importance of demand flexibility in electricity systems amid rising demand, increased renewable energy integration and the electrification of power systems. Case studies in chronological order to examine the changing role of demand flexibility over time from South Africa (2025), Thailand (2030) and Ireland (2035) demonstrate how demand flexibility improves reliability, reduces costs, supports renewables integration and manages network constraints. To realise these benefits, the report emphasises the role for…
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Rare earth elements 2025
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both key energy technologies and other uses under different IEA Scenarios. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply requirements.
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Ensuring a Strong Labour Dimension for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
IEA Clean Energy Labour Council Workers play a critical role in the global energy system, providing key services across many areas of the energy sector. To give a greater voice to the labour perspective in energy and climate policy discussions, the IEA Executive Director, Dr. Fatih Birol, convened the Clean Energy Labour Council in 2022. The Labour Council brings together representatives of the world’s most important national trade unions and trade union confederations, as well as prominent thinkers on the topic, to foster engagement between the IEA, energy policy makers, and the labour movement.The IEA Clean Energy Labour…
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Gaining an Edge Opportunities in efficiency markets
…million jobs. Similarly, electric motors, a component present in a large number of technologies, have also shown remarkable growth. The global electric motor market grew significantly between 2020 and 2024, reaching a value of USD 145 billion in 2024. While the overall sector expanded steadily, some companies more than doubled their revenue over the same period. Energy efficiency technologies play an increasing role in global manufacturing, an innovative space with opportunities for start-ups and established industry Strong market and production capacity growth has begun shifting the overall landscape of industrial production towards clean energy and energy efficiency technologies. The…
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World Energy Investment 2026
World Energy Investment is the global benchmark for tracking investment trends across the energy sector. The report will present the latest data on capital flows to different types of energy projects, as well as the first set of full-year estimates for 2026.As energy security concerns continue to shape investment priorities, this year’s report will explore the potential implications for different sectors and regions, particularly in light of the ongoing energy crisis stemming from the conflict in the Middle East.The 2026 edition will highlight major investment milestones and opportunities from different energy sectors and regions. It also includes…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Power
…Quantitative indicator for successInstalled regional capacity and generation share of low-emissions power generation.Qualitative examples of collaborationIn 2025, the Energy Transition Council expanded its support to Latin America to help countries in the region deliver ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), in addition to continued support for the COP 28 Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge.At the G20 Summit in Brazil in 2024, more than a dozen countries launched the Global Clean Power Alliance (GCPA) to speed up the deployment of low-emissions power generation. The GCPA Finance Mission was launched to close the financing gap in emerging markets and…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Japan
Japan’s energy policy is guided by principles of energy security, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and safety. Achieving the aim of carbon-neutrality by 2050 will require substantially accelerating the deployment of low-carbon technologies by 2030, to address regulatory and institutional barriers and further enhance competition in energy markets. It will also be important to develop different decarbonisation scenarios and to prepare for the possibility that certain low-carbon technologies, such as nuclear, might not expand as quickly as hoped. Stronger reliance on market-based instruments, such as carbon pricing, could be one policy option for Japan to cost…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Paraguay
Paraguay established renewable energy targets in its National Development Plan 2014–2030. The country’s goal is to reach 60% of renewable energy in total energy consumption by 2030. By the same year, Paraguay aims to reduce by 20% the share of fossil fuel within its total energy consumption.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Energy System Resilience
…turn be adopted by policymakers and regulators around the world, taking into account national circumstances and following assessments of costs and risk.The International Energy Agency (IEA) has worked closely with Ukraine, an Association country, on energy system resilience, publishing a 10-point plan ahead of the 2024-2025 winter, along with a 2025-2026 update and a roadmap for decentralising Ukraine's power system. This has provided Ukraine with critical assistance, while also offering invaluable real-world lessons that can inform resilience planning for IEA Member countries and beyond. Industry from Europe and other regions is already collaborating with…
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Best Practices and Insights to Expand Clean Energy Access and Adoption
This report was commissioned by the European Commission to serve as a technical repository of analysis and evidence-based practices in support of the Campaign on Sustainable Lifestyles, Fairness and Access to Clean Energy Technologies. The analysis presented draws on discussions and research shared during the Widening Participation in Clean Energy workshop held in Brussels, contributions presented at the official all-member meetings of the Campaign on Sustainable Lifestyles, and the IEA’s analytical work in areas such as people-centred clean energy transitions, affordability, energy efficiency and clean energy access.This work is organised into three chapters, each corresponding…
