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Fossil Fuel Subsidies
…reference prices are calculated).For economies that export a given fossil-energy product but charge less for it domestically, the domestic subsidies are implicit; they have no direct budgetary impact, so long as the price covers the cost of production. The subsidy, in this case, is recorded as the opportunity cost – or the rent that could be recovered if domestic consumers paid world prices, adjusting for differences in variables such as transportation costs. For net importers, subsidies measured via the price gap approach may be explicit, representing budget expenditures arising from the domestic sale of imported energy at subsidised prices…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
…point nearly two-thirds of spending would go to clean energy. Energy investment in Africa has been falling in recent years. Spending on fossil fuels – which has typically accounted for around two-thirds of investment – has declined and clean energy investment has remained flat. This report explores the continent’s investment needs under the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS) developed in the IEA’s Africa Energy Outlook 2022. The scenario considers the diverse needs of different African countries and sectors and lays out a pathway to achieve the energy-related Sustainable Development Goals, including universal access to modern energy by 2030…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…to rise sharply in 2026. Looking further ahead, without structural change, the region’s energy import bill could rise sharply from over USD 80 billion in 2024 to around USD 245 billion by 2035, further increasing exposure to global price volatility. By contrast, if the region were to reach its announced climate pledges, the fossil fuel import bill in 2035 would be around half this level. The challenge is therefore not only to manage the near-term impacts of the crisis, but also to accelerate the structural changes needed to reduce exposure to future shocks. Immediate impacts have been felt…
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Glenn Sondak
Former World Energy Outlook Analyst.
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Peter Zeniewski
Senior Energy Analyst. Dr. Peter Zeniewski is a Senior Energy Analyst at the IEA. His main area of focus is the outlook for natural gas and LNG – covering long-term assessments of supply, demand, trade, investment and pricing. He has also led projects on energy affordability, biogases, India’s energy outlook, and emissions from oil and gas supply. Prior to joining the IEA, Peter was a Chancellor’s Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and held positions at the European Commission and Wood Mackenzie. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Oxford.
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Energy Technology Classification System
A 360° view of energy technologies About this tool Our interactive explorer enables navigation of the revised 2025 edition of the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) energy technology classification system. The classification system is a structured framework that categorises energy technologies within nine main areas.Updated in co-operation with governments to reflect technological developments since its last revision in 2011, the classification now ...
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Elie Bellevrat
Former WEO Energy analyst.
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Climate Pledges Explorer
From policy ambition to real action, the IEA’s latest interactive database provides country and regional outlooks on climate commitments and net zero pledges
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Energy Technology RD&D Budgets Data Explorer
Detailed breakdown of public budgets on energy RD&D submitted to the IEA by its member and association countries
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Ali Saffar
Head of Division for Europe, Middle East, Africa and Latin America. Ali Al-Saffar is the Middle East and North Africa programme manager at the International Energy Agency, leading the IEA’s engagement with the region and acting as a key advisor to the executive management. Prior to this role, he was an energy analyst at the Directorate for Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks, where he co-authored seven editions of the IEA’s flagship long-term forecast, the World Energy Outlook.
