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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap
As a part of the EU4Energy Programme, the Armenia Energy Policy Roadmap on Sustainable Transport presents a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for transforming the country’s mobility system into a sustainable and efficient transport system. The strategy seeks to deliver significant reductions in CO₂ emissions while strengthening regional connectivity, fostering economic development, and enhancing energy security. While Armenia has made notable progress in rolling out electric vehicles and electrifying its rail network, it still struggles with a high dependence on imported fossil fuels, a lack of data transparency and weak co-ordination among government agencies. This roadmap is structured to…
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates
…and, by extension, for market balances.The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue, and a detailed understanding of decline rates is at the heart of IEA modelling and analysis, underpinning the insights provided by the scenarios in the World Energy Outlook.This new report – based on analysis of the production records of around 15 000 oil and gas fields around the world – explores the implications of accelerating decline rates, growing reliance on unconventional resources, and evolving project development patterns for the global oil and gas supply landscape, for energy security and for investment. It also provides regional insights…
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Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal
…systems in Southeast Asia, even as governments have committed to reducing coal‑related emissions. Rapid electricity demand growth, alongside coal’s role in system adequacy, reliability and energy security, complicates efforts to accelerate coal transitions. Recent volatility in international gas markets has reinforced the short‑term economic and security value of existing coal assets, adding complexity to national transition strategies. The region’s young coal fleet also implies substantial long‑term emissions if plants continue operating at current utilisation rates.Against this backdrop, new approaches are being explored to support coal transitions while maintaining secure and reliable power systems. This report examines the…
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025
…increasingly complex geopolitical context, responsible producers and consumers need to work together to reinforce efforts to ensure reliable gas supplies. This will be among the topics addressed at the international Summit on the Future of Energy Security, convened by the IEA, in partnership with the UK Government, on 24-25 April 2025. Beyond the growing complexity of gas supply security both in the short and long term, the decarbonisation of gas and the broader energy system will require the deployment and scaling up of low-emissions gases. Part of the IEA’s Low-Emissions Gases Work Programme, this quarterly Gas…
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Prospects for Natural Gas Certification
…from North America. As certification continues to evolve, opportunities remain to improve consistency, transparency and coverage across the full supply chain. To support further progress, the report outlines potential policy actions for governments to consider –such as international collaboration on harmonisation, setting minimum standards for certification, and exploring ways in which certification could complement emerging regulatory and market frameworks.While not a standalone solution, certification can enhance transparency and performance on GHG emissions across natural gas supply chains. This can support broader efforts to reduce emissions and strengthen energy security by improving accountability and easing comparability across different supply chains.
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Gas Market Report, Q3-2025
…fall amid weaker natural gas demand and strong competition from Europe for flexible LNG cargoes. Geopolitical tensions have continued to fuel price volatility, while adding to the unusually wide range of uncertainties that could affect this report’s short-term forecasts. The conflict between Israel and Iran highlighted the Middle East’s important role in energy security and served as a stark reminder that geopolitical tensions can easily distort a still-fragile global gas balance. This report includes a special section on the Middle East. Meanwhile, global LNG supply growth is set to accelerate in 2026 to its fastest pace…
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Global EV Outlook 2026
…deployment of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, battery demand, and key policy developments in major and emerging markets. It also considers the implications of growing EV adoption for electricity and oil consumption, as well as greenhouse gas emissions.Amid the ongoing energy crisis sparked by the conflict in the Middle East, this edition includes early monthly data for 2026 and considers potential implications of the crisis for policy and market development. It also includes analysis of the affordability of electric cars and the manufacturing and trade of electric cars, trucks and their batteries, along with a special chapter on automotive…
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Luxembourg 2026
…Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Luxembourg and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Luxembourg’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Luxembourg’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future.
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap
…and climate pollution, and road injuries and deaths).Since national and municipal policies shape transport technology, infrastructure and operations, the report first examines the country as a whole, followed by Georgia’s largest cities. With road vehicles responsible for more than 98% of domestic transport energy use and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, the focus is on road transport.Opportunities identified include improving vehicle efficiency – particularly by accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption – and cutting reliance on inefficient vehicles by reducing unnecessary car travel and shifting to buses, metro, walking and cycling, as well as intercity passenger and freight rail. These opportunities…
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Scaling Up Demand Flexibility
From peak management to efficient system operation This report has been developed as part of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Digital Demand-Driven Electricity Networks (3DEN) initiative to examine the growing importance of demand flexibility in electricity systems amid rising demand, increased renewable energy integration and the electrification of power systems. Case studies in chronological order to examine the changing role of demand flexibility over time from South Africa (2025), Thailand (2030) and Ireland (2035) demonstrate how demand flexibility improves reliability, reduces costs, supports renewables integration and manages network constraints. To realise these benefits, the report emphasises the role for…
