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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine
…energy storage deployment will support Ukraine in establishing energy security.In the year following the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, available dispatchable power generation capacity halved from roughly 38 GW to 19 GW. After severe attacks in spring 2024, capacity declined further, down to 12 GW. Towards the end of 2024 Ukraine was able to restore 3 GW and has worked to restore and add additional capacity throughout 2025, despite ongoing attacks.Distributed solar PV has played a key role, providing cost effective and rapid increases in electricity generation capacity, contributing to system resilience and overall energy…
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Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal
…options to reduce emissions from operating plants, and considers the investment and power system planning challenges of replacing coal generation while maintaining essential system services. It also reviews project‑based and emerging jurisdictional approaches to transition credits, focusing on methodologies for the early retirement of grid‑connected coal plants and their replacement with clean energy.By examining these issues from a power system, investment and carbon markets perspective, the report aims to provide a clearer understanding of coal transition strategies and outlines recommendations for countries that may choose to explore transition credits as an option to reduce the role of coal in…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis
The 2022-2023 energy crisis tested the resilience of the global gas and LNG markets with the most severe gas supply shock in history. During the crisis, natural gas-importing markets around the world felt the pressures of record-high gas prices, including the scale-back in access to energy, the impediment to economic activity and the extra burden on government budgets. Market responses varied but governments were quick to react as the challenges of security of supply became apparent. Post-crisis, markets must continue to adapt as the effects of the crisis continue to influence security of gas supply…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business
Energy efficiency is often described as the “first fuel” because the cheapest and most secure energy is the energy that is not used. For businesses, this begins with a straightforward benefit: lower energy bills. In many cases, efficiency investments can pay back quickly through reduced energy costs alone. However, the value of energy efficiency extends beyond energy savings.This report builds on the IEA’s work on the multiple benefits of energy efficiency and focusses on how these gains materialise in businesses. Key benefits range from productivity and product quality improvements to brand image or health benefits for employees and…
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Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation
…practices for a wide range of policy instruments, as well as opportunities for international collaboration. It provides examples of relevant policies applied around the world.The Policy Toolbox is divided into three broad areas with nine categories in total that group policy instruments according to their objectives. These broad areas are: Framework fundamentals, including (1) Establishing plans and policies for long-term GHG emissions reductions and (2) Mobilising finance and investment; Targeted actions for specific technologies and strategies, including (3) Managing existing assets and near-term investment, (4) Creating a market for near-zero emissions materials production, (5) Developing technologies…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks
…of supply is having significant impacts in global markets, pushing up prices for crude oil above $100/barrel, and leading to much higher prices for some refined products – notably diesel, jet fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Concerns are growing about the impacts of higher prices on households, businesses and the broader economy.In this report, the IEA details 10 demand-side options open to households, businesses and governments to shelter themselves from today’s oil shock and relieve the strains on affordability. These are based on the IEA’s longstanding expertise on energy security and on specific country examples.
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The Value of Demand Flexibility
…of existing generation and network assets, reduces peak stress, lowers losses and curtailment, and supports more efficient integration of clean energy. It also delivers wider benefits, including enhanced energy security, lower system and consumer costs, and reduced emissions, when appropriately enabled and valued.The policy brief identifies key trends driving the need for flexibility, the main barriers limiting its uptake, and priority areas for policy action. It concludes that integrating demand flexibility alongside energy efficiency within regulatory, market and planning frameworks is essential to delivering secure, affordable and efficient power systems, while maximising the value of existing and future investments.
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Prospects for Natural Gas Certification
…from North America. As certification continues to evolve, opportunities remain to improve consistency, transparency and coverage across the full supply chain. To support further progress, the report outlines potential policy actions for governments to consider –such as international collaboration on harmonisation, setting minimum standards for certification, and exploring ways in which certification could complement emerging regulatory and market frameworks.While not a standalone solution, certification can enhance transparency and performance on GHG emissions across natural gas supply chains. This can support broader efforts to reduce emissions and strengthen energy security by improving accountability and easing comparability across different supply chains.
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Demand- and Supply-Side Measures for the Industry Transition
Policy brief As governments look to scale up lead markets for near-zero and low-emissions steel and cement, targeted policy measures can help overcome commercialisation barriers, capture emerging market opportunities and support broader government objectives. This policy brief explores a variety of possible policy instruments to stimulate demand and supply of such industrial materials, providing options that governments could adopt and adapt as part of their industrial policy framework – tailored to their unique circumstances to enhance effectiveness – along with practical next steps towards implementation.
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Health
…particularly among vulnerable groups.A review of 45 academic studies finds that 90% reported positive health impacts from energy efficiency interventions in buildings. The most frequently reported improvements are related to respiratory illnesses and general health, as well as mental health and life satisfaction. A closer look at wider health impacts Energy efficiency policies across the world have shown positive health impacts for the population. For instance, in a programme in Australia, 49% of participants reported better health due to efficient heating systems. In a South African programme, energy retrofits led to a 81% reduction in self-reported illness among households…
