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Economic growth
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores economic growth. Why is energy efficiency important for economic growth? Energy efficiency allows countries to generate more economic activity using the same amount of energy. It is also linked to increased labour productivity and other economic benefits. Key facts Compared with 2000, today’s global economy produces 36% more GDP per unit of energy. Energy efficiency progress over the last 20 years means that close to an extra USD 50 trillion can today be produced using the same amount of energy. This energy efficiency bonus is equivalent to…
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Oil Market Report - October 2025
…and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand rose by 750 kb/d y-o-y in 3Q25, as petrochemical feedstocks led a rebound from 2Q25’s tariff-afflicted 420 kb/d pace. Still, oil use will remain subdued over the remainder of 2025 and in 2026, resulting in annual gains forecast at around 700 kb/d in both years. This is well below historical trend, as a harsher macro climate and transport electrification make for a sharp deceleration in oil consumption growth.Total global oil supply rose by 760 kb/d m-o-m, to 108 mb/d…
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Jobs
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores jobs. Why is energy efficiency important for jobs? Investment in energy efficiency creates jobs in a wide range of occupations and geographic locations. Key facts Around 10 million people work in energy efficiency-related jobs globally, representing nearly 15% of all energy-related jobs. Studies indicate that energy efficiency creates between 4 and 22 jobs per USD 1 million invested, depending on economic structure and energy efficiency measure. By lowering energy spending, energy efficiency also helps foster business growth and competitiveness. Energy efficiency offers a wide array of job opportunities…
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India Bioenergy Market Report
…gaseous biofuels to 2030 As demand for renewable energy grows in India, liquid and gaseous biofuels are expected to be one of the fastest-growing markets, driven by significant feedstock potential and supportive policies. These fuels can provide low-emission energy in heat, electricity and transport. They can also be produced domestically reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels, improve energy security, and create economic development and employment opportunities.This report examines the current supply and demand of liquid and gaseous biofuels in India and their forecasted growth to 2030. It provides a detailed assessment of existing policy and regulatory frameworks…
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Gaining an Edge
The Role of Energy Efficiency in Enhancing Competitiveness Energy efficiency delivers more than energy savings and emission reductions – it can also improve the competitiveness of countries and firms. From increased profitability to job creation, energy efficiency helps firms compete amid high costs, growing demand, and rising trade pressures. In today’s global context, energy efficiency is not only a matter of energy policy, but also of economic policy.The report analyses historical progress in industrial energy efficiency and its role in enhancing industrial competitiveness. It includes comparisons of firm-level energy efficiency, identifying performance gaps and opportunities for further improvement. Drawing…
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Oil Market Report - December 2025
…countries. Highlights Global oil demand is set to rise by 830 kb/d in 2025 amid an improving macroeconomic and trade outlook. These brighter prospects extend to our 2026 forecast, which we have upgraded by 90 kb/d, to 860 kb/d y-o-y. Gasoil and jet/kerosene account for half of this year’s gains, with fuel oil losing ground to natural gas and solar in power generation. In 2026 petrochemical feedstocks will dominate growth, with their share rising to more than 60% from 40% in 2025.Global oil supply fell by 610 kb/d in November, extending…
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Health
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores health. Why is energy efficiency important for health? Energy efficiency can improve health by creating healthy indoor and outdoor living environments with comfortable temperatures and humidity levels, and improved air quality. Key facts Energy efficiency measures have been linked to improved health, such as fewer respiratory illnesses.Targeted energy efficiency programmes can reduce doctor and hospital visits and save health costs. In New Zealand, a retrofit programme led to a 43% reduction in hospital admissions for respiratory conditions, while a similar programme in Ireland reduced the…
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Rare Earth Elements
…the current state of the rare earth elements market, examining demand and supply dynamics and key technological developments. It analyses the full value chain from mining to permanent magnet production, evaluates vulnerabilities across supply chains, and highlights the implications of potential supply disruptions. Based on these analyses, the report outlines eight targeted policy recommendations that can pave the way for more secure, diversified and resilient rare earth element supply chains.The analysis is founded on the work of the IEA Critical Minerals Security Programme and aims to inform the discussions at the G7 meetings under the French Presidency in 2026.
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap
As a part of the EU4Energy Programme, the Armenia Energy Policy Roadmap on Sustainable Transport presents a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for transforming the country’s mobility system into a sustainable and efficient transport system. The strategy seeks to deliver significant reductions in CO₂ emissions while strengthening regional connectivity, fostering economic development, and enhancing energy security. While Armenia has made notable progress in rolling out electric vehicles and electrifying its rail network, it still struggles with a high dependence on imported fossil fuels, a lack of data transparency and weak co-ordination among government agencies. This roadmap is structured to…
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Czechia 2025
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
