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Ultra-fast charging batteries
…the charging power. Alternatively, for a given power level, doubling the voltage halves the required current, and since resistive heat losses are proportional to the square of the current, it reduces them by 75%.An electric vehicle battery pack is composed of hundreds or thousands of battery cells, each typically operating at a voltage of around 3-4 volts (V). These cells can be connected in series or in parallel, with series configurations increasing the overall pack voltage to the required level. Most battery electric cars on the market today operate with battery systems of around 400 V, which has long…
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Renewables for Industry
Electrification of low-temperature heat and steam Industry is responsible for 30% of global energy consumption, most of which is supplied by fossil fuels. The focus of industrial decarbonisation has largely been on the steel and cement sectors, but significant potential also exists in less energy-intensive sectors such as food and beverages, textiles, chemicals, paper, and other manufacturing activities. These sectors offer some of the most immediate and cost-effective opportunities for industrial decarbonisation and diversification of energy sources. Commercially available electric technologies – including heat pumps, electric boilers and resistance heaters – can meet most heat demand in these subsectors…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business
Energy efficiency is often described as the “first fuel” because the cheapest and most secure energy is the energy that is not used. For businesses, this begins with a straightforward benefit: lower energy bills. In many cases, efficiency investments can pay back quickly through reduced energy costs alone. However, the value of energy efficiency extends beyond energy savings.This report builds on the IEA’s work on the multiple benefits of energy efficiency and focusses on how these gains materialise in businesses. Key benefits range from productivity and product quality improvements to brand image or health benefits for employees and…
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Oil Market Report - November 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights World oil demand growth rebounded to 920 kb/d in 3Q25, mainly due to stronger deliveries in China. The third-quarter increase was more than double 2Q25’s 430 kb/d y-o-y expansion, as the macroeconomic picture broadly improved on easing trade tensions. Worldwide…
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Ensuring a Strong Labour Dimension for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
IEA Clean Energy Labour Council Workers play a critical role in the global energy system, providing key services across many areas of the energy sector. To give a greater voice to the labour perspective in energy and climate policy discussions, the IEA Executive Director, Dr. Fatih Birol, convened the Clean Energy Labour Council in 2022. The Labour Council brings together representatives of the world’s most important national trade unions and trade union confederations, as well as prominent thinkers on the topic, to foster engagement between the IEA, energy policy makers, and the labour movement.The IEA Clean Energy Labour…
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Oil Market Report - December 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand is set to rise by 830 kb/d in 2025 amid an improving macroeconomic and trade outlook. These brighter prospects extend to our 2026 forecast, which we have upgraded by 90 kb/d, to 860 kb/d y-o-y. Gasoil and jet…
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Carbon-Free Electricity in G20 Countries
Status and the way forward In 2024, the Republic of Korea proposed the Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) Initiative to promote the use of technology-neutral, carbon-free energy to decarbonise the energy sector.In line with this initiative, Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) commissioned this report to analyse the status and prospects of carbon-free energy in the electricity sector in G20 countries, and to provide policy recommendations to advance its progress.The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEi) jointly produced this report.
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Oil Market Report - July 2025
…mb, in large part due to a sharp rise in China, while oil products increased for the first time this year, by 24.2 mb. Preliminary data for June showed global oil stocks rose further, mainly in oil on water and the non-OECD.North Sea Dated crude increased by $7/bbl m-o-m to an average $71.35/bbl in June after trading in a wide $65-$80/bbl range. Israel’s mid-month air strikes on Iranian military and nuclear targets sent prices soaring, with Dated briefly surpassing $80/bbl but easing after a ceasefire was agreed…
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Energy Transition Review for Enhancing Co-operation
…population growth, industrial development and electrification of end uses. Fossil fuels are currently the dominant source of power generation, reflecting existing resource endowments and infrastructure, but also exposing the system to global price volatility and import dependence.Renewable energy presents major opportunities for the Philippines to diversify its power supply and meet growing demand. Government targets aim to increase the share of renewables in the power generation mix to 35% by 2030 and 50% by 2040 – up from the 22% achieved in 2024. These objectives are articulated in the Philippine Energy Plan (PEP) 2023-2050, Volume II: Transitioning to Reliable, Clean…
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Oil Market Report - January 2026
…course of December, led by weaker profitability in Europe as middle distillate cracks halved from November’s highs.Global observed stocks surged by 75.3 mb in November 2025, or 2.5 mb/d, with crude oil accounting for 96% of the increase, mostly onshore. OECD industry stocks were up by 7.3 mb to 2 838 mb, largely in line with the five-year average level. Total observed oil inventories were 433 mb higher than at the start of 2025, increasing by 1.3 mb/d on average. Preliminary data showed global inventories rose further in December, led by…
