• • Fuel report

  • Dec 2022

  Is the biofuel industry approaching a feedstock crunch?

  Renewables 2022 This report forms a component of Chapter 4 of Renewables 2022 and addresses a key question in renewable energy markets. Biodiesel, renewable diesel and biojet fuel producers are headed for a feedstock supply crunch during 2022-2027 if current trends do not change. In our main case, demand for vegetable oil, waste and residue oils and fats increases 56% to 79 million tonnes over the forecast period. Fuels made from wastes and residues are in particularly high demand because they satisfy GHG and feedstock policy objectives in the United States and Europe. In fact, wastes and residues are expected to…

• • Article

  • 21 Oct 2019

  Does security of supply drive key biofuel markets in Asia?

  …and diesel demand with biofuels is a means of increasing a country’s domestic fuel supply. China produces ethanol from corn and cassava, India uses feedstocks such as molasses from its sugar industry (the world’s second-largest) to make ethanol, and Indonesia manufactures biodiesel from palm oil, of which it is the world’s largest producer. However, the production of biodiesel in China and India, and ethanol in Indonesia, is lower because of lower domestic feedstock resources.Security of supply can be strengthened through the application of mandate polices that prescribe replacing a share of gasoline or diesel consumption…

• • Article

  • 18 Aug 2022

  Japan Oil Security Policy

  …the equivalent of 70 days of stocks, based on consumption over the previous 12 months. The public stocks mostly consist of crude oil, but the government has expanded its emergency inventory to include around six days of four categories of refined products – gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil and diesel oil. Some government stocks are held in storage facilities with no drawdown infrastructure and would take weeks or months to release, some in dedicated leased tanks, and some (namely the product stocks) are commingled with industry stocks. In case of an IEA coordinated collective action, Japan would likely rely in the first…

• • Article

  • 13 Dec 2021

  Fuel economy in Indonesia

  …tax rates for vehicles are no longer only based on just engine capacity, but also consider engine efficiency and emissions. Vehicles emitting no more than 120 CO2 g/km, with engine capacities below a specified level are eligible for LCEV tax incentives, and a fuel economy limit of 20 km/l (gasoline) and 21.8 km/l (diesel) is also in place. Tax exemptions are applied to plug-in hybrid, battery electric and fuel-cell electric vehicles that meet a minium local content requirement, with fuel consumption equal to 28 km/l, or CO2 emissions up to 100 g/km…

• • Country report

  • Oct 2016

  Partner Country Series - Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in Mexico and Indonesia

  Many countries have turned to fossil fuel subsidies at some point or another to reduce energy costs in order to cut transportation bills, prop up industries, or finance household electrification, particularly for the poorest families. At the same time, many studies have found that the economic and environmental costs of fossil fuel subsidies far outweighs any of its perceived social benefits, which can be achieved by other more effective means. Drawing on its global experience and extensive analysis of fossil fuel subsidies, the IEA undertook this in-depth look at reforms of fossil fuel subsidies in Mexico and Indonesia. These…

• • Fuel report

  • Mar 2017

  Oil Market Report - March 2017

  The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world’s most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Having expanded by 1.6 mb/d in 2016, global oil product demand growth is expected to ease back to 1.4 mb/d in 2017. Early indicators of 1Q17 demand support this, with slowdowns seen in January in Japan, Germany, Korea and India.Global oil supplies rose 260 kb…

• • Country report

  • Oct 2012

  Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Japan 2013 update

  Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Japan 2013 update Oil remains the most significant energy source in Japan, accounting for some 45% of the country’s total primary energy supply in 2011. The transport sector represented around 38% of total consumption in 2010, while the industry sector accounted for 30%. A significant proportion of the industry sector’s oil demand comes from the chemical industry. The country has 27 operational refineries with a total crude distillation capacity of around 4.5 mb/d. Japan meets its 90-day stockholding obligation to the IEA by holding government emergency stocks and by placing…

• • Fuel report

  • Jun 2017

  Oil Market Report - June 2017

  The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world’s most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Recent weaknesses in demand growth are likely to prove transitory, particularly in post currency-reform India. Although global growth was only 0.9 mb/d in 1Q17, it accelerates in 2H17 and for the year as a whole our outlook remains unchanged at 1.3 mb/d. In 2018…

• • Fuel report

  • Jul 2019

  Oil Market Report - July 2019

  The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world’s most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global demand growth is set to accelerate from an exceptionally weak 310 kb/d in 1Q19 and 800 kb/d in 2Q19 to reach 1.8 mb/d in the second half of the year as economic activity improves and petrochemical plants ramp up. For 2020, the pace of growth will…

• • Article

  • 13 Dec 2021

  Fuel economy in Japan

  Market profile and analysis of fuel consumption trends Nearly 5.1 million new light-duty vehicles (LDVs) were sold in Japan in 2019, with an average fuel consumption that is among the lowest of all major LDV markets at 5.5 litres of gasoline equivalent per 100 kilometres. In 2019, the average fuel consumption of new LDVs in Japan was 24% below the global average, and between 2005 and 2019, fuel consumption of new LDVs fell by 2.4% on average each year. This represents a substantial improvement compared with other major LDV markets, though the pace of fuel economy…