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Renewables 2020
Analysis and forecast to 2025 In May 2020, the IEA market update on renewable energy provided an analysis that looked at the impact of Covid-19 on renewable energy deployment in 2020 and 2021. This early assessment showed that the Covid-19 crisis is hurting – but not halting – global renewable energy growth. Half a year later, the pandemic continues to affect the global economy and daily life. However, renewable markets, especially electricity-generating technologies, have already shown their resilience to the crisis. Renewables 2020 provides detailed analysis and forecasts through 2025 of the impact of Covid-19 on renewables in…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002 The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Germany's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Germany is pursuing several ambitious objectives in its energy policy, notably cutting greenhouse gas emissions and fully liberalising the electricity and gas markets, while phasing out nuclear power.
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007 Few countries can have as great an impact on energy policy in Europe as Germany. Its large size and strategic location make it a critical component of the region’s energy markets – as a result, sound energy policies and strong energy market design are a necessity. In these respects, Germany continues to make notable progress. The country has continued to reform its electricity and natural gas markets, set a timetable to phase out coal subsidies, is meeting key climate and environmental targets and is bringing energy, efficiency and environment to…
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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Germany 2012 update
Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Germany 2012 update Germany has very little domestic oil and natural gas production and relies heavily on imports. It has well diversified and flexible oil and natural gas supply infrastructure, which consists of crude, product and gas pipelines and crude and oil product import terminals. The country has no liquefied natural gas (LNG) infrastructure, although some German companies have booked capacities in overseas LNG terminals. Oil continues to be the main source of energy in Germany. It now represents approximately 32% of Germany’s total primary energy supply (TPES). Natural gas consumption in Germany has…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2013 Review
Since the 2007 IEA review of Germany’s energy policies, the country has taken two fundamental policy decisions that will guide its energy policy in coming decades: the federal government adopted the Energy Concept, a comprehensive new strategy for a long-term integrated energy pathway to 2050; and, following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011, Germany decided to accelerate the phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 starting with the immediate closure of the eight oldest plants. This decision resulted in the adoption of a suite of new policy measures and determined renewable energy as the cornerstone of…
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Germany 2025
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Germany and the IEA. It draws…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2003
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2003 The International Energy Agency's 2003 review of Japan's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Japan has ratified the Kyoto protocol and is implementing its 2002 climate change plan. The country has developed an impressive range of policies to address rising CO2 emissions from the energy sector. Some of the measures could be strengthened however, and made more cost-effective. Industry’s use of Kyoto flexible mechanisms could also reduce costs.
Nuclear power plays a key role in Japanese energy policy, but the government’s objective of… -
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 1999
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 1999 This IEA report provides a comprehensive in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Japan, including recommendations for policy development. Since the last in-depth review in 1994, the two major themes in Japan's energy policy have been reform of the regulatory framework and measures to respond to climate change. Energy sector reform in the energy sector is an important component of overall policy on economic recovery. Increasingly, the market will be relied on to achieve a satisfactory outcome. Independent Power Producers have entered the electricity market since 1995…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2008
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2008 This review takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Japan today and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements to help guide the country towards a more sustainable energy future.
Declaring climate change and environment as a top priority of the 2008 G8 Summit in Hokkaido, host country Japan has demonstrated its commitment to pressing ahead in these domains. Already a world leader in advancing energy technology transfer and environmental policy, the country is determined to further improve its domestic policies, moving it towards a more sustainable… -
Fuel economy in Germany
Market profile and analysis of fuel consumption trends Light-duty vehicle (LDV) sales have been growing steadily in Germany, with sales reaching 3.7 million in 2019. Average LDV fuel consumption achieved an all-time low in 2016 at 5.8 litres gasoline equivalent per 100 kilometres (Lge/100 km), before climbing back to 6.2 Lge/100 km in 2019, 13% lower than the global average. Between 2005 and 2019, average fuel consumption decreased on average 1.3% per year, with fuel economy improvements occurring across all LDV segments. The more recent rise in fuel consumption stems from decreasing…