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Opportunities for Hydrogen Production with CCUS in China
…pledge to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Hydrogen could contribute to China’s energy system decarbonisation strategy, such as through the use as a fuel and feedstock in industrial processes; in fuel cell electric transport, and for the production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels for shipping and aviation. The analysis of scenarios in this report suggests that while hydrogen from renewable power electrolysis could meet the majority of hydrogen demand by 2060, equipping existing hydrogen production facilities with CCUS could be a complementary strategy to reduce emissions and scale-up low-emission hydrogen supply…
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Energy Transitions Require Innovation in Power System Planning
…as it decarbonises. The first is that variable renewables will increasingly be the foundation of low carbon power generation. The second is that power will be responsible for an increasing share of total energy demand, as electrification becomes a pathway to decarbonisation. Emerging economies are central to global emissions reduction, since they typically have high shares of fossil fuel generation and because electricity demand is expected to significantly increase along with economic growth and greater electricity access. Increasing shares of variable renewable energy such as solar and wind will mean power systems need to become more flexible. At the same…
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Does security of supply drive key biofuel markets in Asia?
Renewables 2019 Trends to watch number 1 Improving security of supply is a fundamental reason for the introduction of biofuel policy support in China, India and Indonesia, which in turn has raised production prospects. Combined, these countries account for 40% (15 billion litres) of biofuel production growth in the main case forecast (2019‑24).Crude oil import dependency is set to increase in all three countries over the forecast period, meaning that measures to reinforce security of supply are of paramount importance. China already overtook the United States as the largest crude oil importer in 2017, India’s oil demand is set…
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Fuel economy in Italy
…Overview of current fuel economy policy Voluntary carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions standards were first introduced in the European Union in 1998 and became mandatory in 2009. Corporate average CO2 emissions standards for the period 2015-19 were set at 130 g CO2/km for passenger cars and 175 g CO2/km for light commercial vehicles, while emissions standards for 2020-2024 were set at 95 g CO₂/km for passenger cars and 147 g CO₂/km for light commercial vehicles. Under the “Fit for 55” initiative, Italy will be required to meet new targets including a 55% reduction in emissions of passenger cars…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 2003
…given the limitations of renewable energy as a source of supply. Timely investments in energy production, transportation and interconnection are crucial for security of supply, but they often meet strong local resistance under the devolution of powers to local authorities. In spite of the progress made, continuous monitoring is needed to further develop competition in the gas and electricity markets and enable energy price reductions. While Italy enjoys relatively low energy and carbon intensities of its economy, these advantages may be eroded over time. More is required to mitigate climate change emissions.
As part of the IEA’s periodic review… -
Implementing Clean Energy Transitions
…in order to assess where gaps may arise and help governments and policymakers to explore other international policy experiences.The library groups transport policies within three overarching categories:Regulation, incl. standards and mandates: This includes fuel-economy standards, emission standards, blending mandates, charging standards and EV mandates. Incentives: This includes for both cases incentives for electric vehicle, modal shift, biofuels and scrappage schemes. Fuel excise taxes and carbon pricing are also included in this category.Information: This includes policies and initiatives focused on informing consumers, training, and networking.This library builts on the joint IEA/IRENA Policy and Measures database…
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Renewables 2020
…renewables in the electricity heat and transport sectors. Executive summary Renewables’ resilience is driven by the electricity sector In sharp contrast to all other fuels, renewables used for generating electricity will grow by almost 7% in 2020. Global energy demand is set to decline 5% – but long-term contracts, priority access to the grid and continuous installation of new plants are all underpinning strong growth in renewable electricity. This more than compensates for declines in bioenergy for industry and biofuels for transport – mostly the result of lower economic activity. The net result is an overall increase of 1% in renewable…
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How much will renewable hydrogen production drive demand for new renewable energy capacity by 2027?
…total renewable capacity growth. China leads expansion, followed by Australia, Chile and the United States. Together, these four markets account for roughly two-thirds of dedicated renewable capacity for hydrogen production. Globally, new capacity is split evenly between PV and onshore wind, although regional shares vary depending on resource availability. For instance, solar PV makes up most of the growth in the MENA, while in Latin America the electrolyser project pipeline is expected to be mostly filled by onshore wind projects in Chile. Given their long lead times, offshore wind projects account for less than 1% of new renewable capacity…
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Sustainable Production of Second-Generation Biofuels
Sustainable Production of Second-Generation Biofuels This study aims to identify opportunities and constraints related to the potential future production of second-generation biofuels in major economies and developing countries, and to examine under which conditions the new fuels could be produced sustainably in these countries. The report identifies global drivers for second-generation biofuel development, discusses projections on biomass potentials and assesses the potential of agricultural and forestry residues for the sustainable production of lignocellulosic biofuels.
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Tracking Clean Energy Innovation: Focus on China
…in China. Introduction Innovation for clean energy transitions Achieving global energy and climate policy goals will require more, better and cheaper low-carbon energy technologies. Most energy technologies are not on track to provide the clean energy transitions targeted by governments, according to IEA annual monitoring. Many technologies required to lower emissions to so-called “net zero” levels are not ready for markets, notably in sectors hard to decarbonise such as heavy industry and long-distance transportation, for which large-scale low-carbon solutions are not widely available. Governments are central to the success of clean energy innovation, and global…