-
China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security
…s Worldwide Quest for Energy Security China’s rapid growth over the past twenty years has sparked a surging demand for energy. The Chinese made strenuous efforts to exploit their domestic resources; but growth eventually overwhelmed them and led to rising oil imports. Within the next decade, China’s oil imports are expected to grow rapidly and outstrip those of many OECD countries. Gas imports are also projected to increase as China switches to cleaner energy. Aware of its growing dependency on imported energy, China seeks a more prominent position in the existing global system of energy production and trade…
-
Russian supplies to global energy markets
Assessing the impacts of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on global oil and natural gas markets and energy security As a major producer and exporter of both oil and natural gas, Russia has a significant role in global energy markets. Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 has potentially serious implications for international energy security. For this reason, the IEA is providing factual and up-to-date information on Russia's oil and natural gas supplies.
-
Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Russia 2014
Russia’s energy sector plays an essential role for the Russian economy, its energy security and global hydrocarbon supplies. Russia holds among the world’s largest resources of gas, oil and coal. Its liquids production has reached historical highs, yet major additional upstream investments and technology upgrades will be needed to sustain these levels in the long term. Its gas production is also at high levels, with Gazprom being the dominant producer, and with other companies now taking significant roles. Since the last IEA review of Russia’s energy policies in 2002, the power sector has also liberalised considerably. The…
-
Energy Efficiency 2018
…world, its positive impact on global energy use is overwhelmed by rising economic activity across all sectors. Efficiency can enable economic growth, reduce emissions and improve energy security. The right efficiency policies could enable the world to achieve more than 40% of the emissions cuts needed to reach its climate goals without new technology. Energy Efficiency 2018 looks at why efficiency’s massive potential remains untapped, and through the new Efficient World Scenario explores what would happen if countries maximized all available cost-effective efficiency potential between now and 2040, highlighting what policy makers can do to realise this opportunity. Key findings Energy efficiency works..…
-
Partner Country Series - China's Engagement in Global Energy Governance
The world’s largest energy consumer and producer as well as the top oil importer and CO2 emitter, the People’s Republic of China is in the centre of the global energy landscape – and at a turning point towards a low-carbon future. There is an increasingly clear congruence of China’s domestic interests and the world’s collective interests in terms of energy security, economic development and sustainable growth. In global energy governance, the country is gradually transforming from outsider to insider and from follower to influencer, with instrumental implications for the country and the world. This report provides…
-
How much will renewable hydrogen production drive demand for new renewable energy capacity by 2027?
Renewables 2022 This report forms a component of Chapter 4 of Renewables 2022 and addresses a key question in renewable energy markets. Hydrogen production from renewable electricity is expected to play an important role in reaching long-term decarbonisation goals and improving energy security. While less than 1% of global hydrogen production comes from renewable energy sources today, renewable hydrogen is receiving increasing policy attention. A total of 25 countries, plus the European Commission, have announced plans that include hydrogen as a source of clean energy, and several have begun to introduce financial support schemes. As a result, project pipelines for using…
-
Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: China 2012 update
…gas, a strong policy push has boosted natural gas supplies, particularly to residential customers, so that its share doubled in 2009; in 2010, domestic supplies met 90% of domestic consumption. The key elements of China’s approach to gas security are to further promote domestic production from conventional and unconventional resources, to expand reserves, to construct gas storage facilities, and to accelerate construction of liquefied natural gas terminals and interregional gas pipelines in order to strengthen supply of gas imports. Although China does not have government gas stocks or mandatory industry stocks, the government promotes the expansion of commercial inventories…
-
National Reliance on Russian Fossil Fuel Imports
How do countries rely on and consume Russian energy? Russia was the world’s largest fossil fuels exporter in 2021, and global energy markets have been thrown into turmoil by the country’s invasion of Ukraine, with major energy security and supply risks worldwide.The data visualisations included in this report lay out the reliance of various countries on Russian energy imports and how Russian oil, gas and coal imports are being used in different countries to power manufacturing, transportation, residences, and other services and sectors. In doing so, the report highlights which nations and sectors may be most vulnerable…
-
A 10-Point Plan to Reduce the European Union’s Reliance on Russian Natural Gas
…of the solution, but even very rapid deployment will take time to make a major dent in demand for imported gas. The faster EU policy makers seek to move away from Russian gas supplies, the greater the potential implications in terms of economic costs and/or near-term emissions. Circumstances also vary widely across the EU, depending on geography and supply arrangements.Reducing reliance on Russian gas will not be simple, requiring a concerted and sustained policy effort across multiple sectors, alongside strong international dialogue on energy markets and security. There are multiple links between Europe’s policy choices and...
-
Status of Power System Transformation 2018
…A lack of system flexibility can reduce the resilience of power systems, or lead to the loss of substantial amounts of clean electricity through curtailment of variable renewable energy sources. Power plants play a critical role in enhancing system flexibility. Based on a wealth of real-life case studies and data, this report provides a comprehensive overview of how power plants can contribute to making power systems more flexible, while enhancing electricity security. It summarises the findings of the Advanced Power Plant Flexibility campaign of the Clean Energy Ministerial. The solutions presented in this study have been collected in close…
