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Coal 2020
…trends affected coal-fired power generation in 2019: weak electricity demand growth and low natural gas prices. Global electricity generation grew 1% in 2019, the lowest rate since 2009 and almost one-third of the average annual increase since then. Electricity generated from renewables increased in 2019, squeezing coal and gas generation. Expanding LNG supply put pressure on natural gas prices, which fell by two‑thirds in Europe from January to September 2019. In the United States, where natual gas is generally cheap, prices in 2019 were 30% lower on average than the previous year. This spurred significant coal-to-gas…
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
- Prices and costs
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Coal in the Energy Supply of India
Coal in the Energy Supply of India Indian coal reserves are the third largest in the world, after the United States and China. India is the third largest coal producer in the world and the eighth largest importer. With annual production of 310 million tonnes and imports of almost 25 million tonnes, coal provides one-third of energy supply in India.
The Indian government forecasts huge increases in electricity capacity based on coal. Massive increases in coal supply would be required if these plans are realised, although it is not clear if they are feasible. The principal objective of Indian… -
Reducing Emissions in Fossil-Fired Generation - Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam
…consumption. A shift towards a coal-dominated power sector in Southeast Asia is already underway, with coal plants accounting for more than half of the gross thermal capacity additions over the past five years. Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam account for the bulk of existing coal-fired generation. If left unabated, and if planned capacity additions were to go ahead, existing and planned coal-fired power generation would lead to the long-term “lock-in” of high levels of GHG emissions. While more efficient technologies play an important role in reducing the emissions intensity of coal-fired power generation, they…
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The Role of Gas in Today's Energy Transitions
World Energy Outlook special report This World Energy Outlook special report examines the role of fuel switching, primarily from coal to natural gas, to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants. Four case studies, covering the United States, the European Union, the People’s Republic of China, and India, reveal the various opportunities, hurdles and limits of fuel switching as a way to address environmental challenges. Natural gas is one of the mainstays of global energy. Where it replaces more polluting fuels, it improves air quality and limits emissions of carbon dioxide. In this analysis, we explore how widespread…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2019
…but a number of power systems in the region are facing significant financial strains.Since 2000, overall energy demand has grown by more than 80% and the lion’s share of this growth has been met by a doubling in fossil fuel use. Oil is the largest element in the regional energy mix and coal – largely for power generation – has been the fastest growing. This has underpinned the region’s development and industrial growth, but has also made air pollution a major risk to public health and driven up energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.Southeast Asia has considerable potential…
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Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage in Indonesia
Indonesia’s remarkable economic growth over the past half-century has had major implications for its energy sector and emissions, with coal playing a large role in both. Young power plants and industrial facilities producing cement, iron and steel will need clean energy alternatives and energy efficiency measures in order for Indonesia to reach its net zero emissions by 2060 target. Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) can be an important technology to help achieve that goal.Indonesia is already taking meaningful steps, finalising the first regulatory framework for CCUS in Southeast Asia in early 2023. However, for CCUS to…
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Navigating Indonesia’s Power System Decarbonisation with the Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership
Indonesia is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and with its rapidly growing energy demand, abundant energy and mineral resources, it is set to play a key role in the global economic and energy landscape. Decarbonising its power system has been identified as a key enabler to achieve its pledge for net zero emissions by 2060, as coal power dominates its electricity mix. To support Indonesia’s power sector decarbonisation efforts, the Just Energy Transition Partnership was established during a G20 summit in Bali, in November 2022. The first deliverable of the Just Energy Transition Partnership, which…
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An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia
…world’s fourth-largest economy by mid-century. The choices that Indonesia makes now and in the decades to come will have a significant bearing on the world’s energy markets and on international efforts to reach collective climate goals.Indonesia, a member of the IEA family since 2015, has committed to reach net zero emissions by 2060 or before – an ambitious task given the country’s growth objectives and status as a globally important consumer and producer of coal. However, with a transition to net zero offering extensive and varied economic opportunities, Indonesia is beginning to put in place…
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Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Indonesia 2015
…to the expansion of its coal and liquid biofuel production, the country is consuming more energy as a result of rising living standards, population growth and rapid urbanisation. Indonesia is already highly dependent on oil imports. Meeting demand growth and ensuring the environmental sustainability of energy supplies must remain key pillars of its economic and investment policies and strategies. Indonesia has implemented important changes since the IEA published its first review of the country’s energy policies in 2008. Key milestones include the 2007 Law on Energy, the 2009 Law on Electricity, the 2009 Law on Mineral and Coal Mining…
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India Energy Outlook 2015
…The report explores how major new policy initiatives, from "24x7 Power for All" to the "Make in India" campaign, affect India’s energy outlook; identifies the investment required in India’s generation and grid in order to provide universal, secure and affordable electricity supply; highlights the growing role of renewables, led by wind and solar, in India’s energy future, alongside the continued importance of coal; evaluates the energy security and environmental strains that accompany India’s rise and how they can be addressed; and assesses the implications for a global energy system in which India exerts ever-larger influence.