• • Country report

  • Jan 2011

  Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Czech Republic 2010 update

  Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Czech Republic 2010 update In 2007, the IEA published Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries. This report provides an overview of the IEA oil emergency response system and a detailed look at the specific systems in each IEA country for responding to an oil supply crisis. The report represented the findings of a five-year review cycle of the emergency response mechanisms in IEA member countries. Since the 2007 publication, the IEA has started a new cycle of reviews which now includes reviewing gas emergency policies. Rather than waiting for the completion of…

• • Country report

  • Jan 2011

  Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Italy 2010 update

  Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Italy 2010 update In 2007, the IEA published Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2007. This report provided an overview of the IEA oil emergency response system and a detailed look at the specific systems in each IEA country for responding to an oil supply crisis. The report represented the findings of a five-year review cycle of the emergency response mechanisms in IEA member countries. Since the 2007 publication, the IEA has started a new cycle of reviews which now includes reviewing gas emergency policies. Rather than waiting for the completion of…

• • Article

  • 31 Jul 2020

  Italy's legislation on oil security

  Introduction Italy’s oil supply emergency regime is primarily governed by the provisions of the 2012 Legislative Decree on Minimum Stocks of Crude Oil (249/2012) (DMS) which implements EU Directive 2009/119/EC. Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant European Union legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering the operation of the national emergency response system The provisions of the DMS are triggered by a major supply disruption (article 20(1) DMS). A major supply disruption exists when there is a ‘substantial and sudden drop’ in the ‘supply of crude oil or petroleum products to the European Union (EU…

• • Article

  • 31 Jul 2020

  Czech Republic's legislation on oil security

  …s legal oil emergency framework is governed by two acts. The first one is the Act No. 189/1999 on Emergency Stocks (ES) as the main legislation on oil emergency. The second one is the Act No 97/1993 on competence of the Administration of State Material Reserves (ASMR) which deals with the role of ASMR in the oil emergency system. Decree No 165/2013 concerns with the technical aspects of oil emergency stocks. All these documents reflect the Council Directive 2009/119/EC.The Czech Republic is in the process of amendment to the relevant domestic legislation in accordance…

• • Country report

  • Oct 2003

  Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 2003

  …are now operational. Italy ratified the Kyoto Protocol in June 2002 and launched a national strategy to mitigate climate change in December 2002.
  But Italy also faces some challenges. High reliance on imported oil and gas raises concerns about security of supply. Energy diversification is restricted since there are few options available apart from natural gas, given the limitations of renewable energy as a source of supply. Timely investments in energy production, transportation and interconnection are crucial for security of supply, but they often meet strong local resistance under the devolution of powers to local authorities. In spite of the…

• • Article

  • 10 Aug 2022

  Czech Republic Oil Security Policy

  …pipeline, which transports crude oil mainly from the Caspian region, is 168 km long (the entire length is 347 km) and its transport capacity usable for the Czech Republic is 200 kb/d. Starting from Vohburg in Germany, the IKL pipeline enters the Czech Republic in the west of the country and ends at the oil depot in Nelahozeves near Prague. The utilisation rate of the IKL in recent years has been about 20-40%. In Vohburg, the IKL pipeline is connected to the TAL pipeline with 868 kb/d capacity, which receives oil via the oil port in Trieste, Italy…

• • Country report

  • Oct 2010

  Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Czech Republic 2010 Review

  …the European Union. The energy sector plays an important role for the country’s economy and for the regional energy security. Since the last IEA in-depth review in 2005, the Czech Republic has strengthened its energy policy, further liberalised its electricity and gas markets and made laudable efforts to enhance oil and gas security. The Czech government has a unique opportunity to develop coherent and balanced energy and climate strategies as it currently updates its policy documents. The draft State Energy Concept concentrates on energy security and on maintaining the Czech Republic as a net electricity exporter, through a…

• • Article

  • 18 Oct 2022

  Italy Oil Security Policy

  Country Energy Security Policy - Oil Oil overview Oil consumption declined considerably from 2007-2014, but then remained relatively stable from 2015-2019. It rebounded strongly in 2021 to pre-pandemic levels after falling sharply in 2020. In the short-term, there is little to suggest that oil demand will decline significantly. However, in the medium to long-term, the government expects a major reduction in oil demand, largely as a result of greater use of electric vehicles and alternative fuels in the transportation sector. Italy has a large refining industry and is a significant net exporter of oil products. However…

• • Country report

  • Apr 2000

  Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 1999

  …to regions and local authorities. Thus, co-ordination across regions and with the national government is becoming an important issue. In February 1999, competition was introduced in the electricity sector. The Government is also preparing a Legislative Decree to implement the EU Directive on natural gas. In enforcing competition, attention needs to be given to the dominant position of national companies in the electricity, natural gas and oil sectors. Italy has high taxes on energy in comparison with other IEA countries. This has encouraged the country’s low energy intensity. In addition, in December 1998, the Government introduced a CO2…

• • Country report

  • Feb 2010

  Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 2009

  Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Italy 2009 This review analyses the energy challenges facing Italy and provides sectoral critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. The Italian government has made substantial progress in a number of sectors since the last IEA in-depth energy policy review in 2003. The success of the green certificate and white certificate schemes and continued reform of the electricity and natural gas supply markets are just a few examples and build on the recommendations contained in the previous review. Nonetheless, many challenges remain. Italy recognises the need to diversify its energy supply…