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Netherlands' legislation on oil security
Introduction The Netherlands utilises a multi-layered legislative approach to oil supply emergencies. While the 2012 Law on Stockpiling Petroleum Products (LSPP) provides the primary legislative framework, further details are spelled out by the 1979 Law on the Implementation of the International Energy Programme (LIEP), the 1939 Distribution Law (DL), the 1990 Regulation on Traffic Rules and Transport (RTRT) and by the 1950 Law on Economic Offences (LEO). Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant European Union legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering operation of the emergency response system Article 2(1) LIEP allows for the Dutch emergency response system…
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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: China 2012 update
…a net oil importer since 1993. More than 50% of the total crude oil imports came from counties of the Middle East. To prevent a potential shock to the economy caused by an oil supply disruption, the Chinese government has been steadily pushing to build an oil stock reserve system. China has completed four stockpiling facilities. Regarding natural gas, a strong policy push has boosted natural gas supplies, particularly to residential customers, so that its share doubled in 2009; in 2010, domestic supplies met 90% of domestic consumption. The key elements of China’s approach to gas security are to…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2004
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2004 The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of the Netherland's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that the Netherlands is to be commended for the pragmatism and innovativeness of its energy policy. It has provided the country with secure energy supply and economic benefits arising from competition but with due regard paid to environmental issues. The major challenges are the reorganisation of the gas market structure and curbing the growth of energy demand in the transport sector.
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Oil Market Report - October 2024
…bbl. Oil security in focus Benchmark oil prices bounced sharply higher in early October, as potential oil supply risks once again took centre stage. Escalating tensions between Israel and Iran are fuelling fears of a broader Middle East conflict and disruptions to Iranian exports. Nevertheless, the resolution of a political dispute in Libya that briefly cut its oil exports in half, relatively modest production losses due to major hurricanes sweeping the US Gulf Coast and weak end-user demand have helped to steady markets. At the time of writing, Brent crude oil futures were trading at around $78/bbl, up…
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Oil Market Report - May 2017
…refinery closures in the Middle East, underperformance in Latin America and flat growth in India are not offset by growth in China and Russia. Highlights Weakness in a number of previously solid countries - India, US, Germany and Turkey - curtailed the 1H17 global demand growth estimate by 115 kb/d. Global demand growth is, however, still forecast at 1.3 mb/d in 2017, with demand at 97.9 mb/d.Global oil supply fell by 140 kb/d in April as non-OPEC, and especially Canada, pumped less. At 96.17 mb/d, output stood 90 kb/d below a year ago, even as non-OPEC returned…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2000
…for the long term. But efficient markets are also important to the Dutch. In the electricity and gas industries, full retail competition is to be introduced on an accelerated schedule in 2004. Since competition was introduced into the power market in 1998, the necessary institutions and secondary legislation have been put in place, making the market highly competitive. Three out of the four large generators in the country have been sold to foreign utility investors. There is room for improvement in the rules for the allocation of interconnector capacity, to be found in co-operation with the Netherlands’ European neighbours.
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China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security
…their domestic resources; but growth eventually overwhelmed them and led to rising oil imports. Within the next decade, China’s oil imports are expected to grow rapidly and outstrip those of many OECD countries. Gas imports are also projected to increase as China switches to cleaner energy. Aware of its growing dependency on imported energy, China seeks a more prominent position in the existing global system of energy production and trade. Where it can, China seeks to open new connections in global markets. Increasingly, external energy policies are entwined in foreign economic and security policies in general. This book documents…
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Oil Market Report - October 2017
…Following very strong year-on-year demand growth of 2.2 mb/d in 2Q17, the pace slowed to 1.2 mb/d in 3Q17, reflecting relatively weak July and August data and the impact of hurricanes in September. Our forecast of global demand growth remains unchanged at 1.6 mb/d in 2017 (or 1.6%) and 1.4 mb/d in 2018 (or 1.4%).Global oil supply rose 90 kb/d in September to 97.5 mb/d as non-OPEC output edged higher. Output stands 620 kb/d higher than last year. In 2017, non-OPEC supplies are expected to grow by 0.7 mb/d…
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Oil Market Report - May 2023
…oil demand is forecast to rise by 2.2 mb/d year-on-year in 2023 to an average 102 mb/d, 200 kb/d above last month’s Report. China’s demand recovery continues to surpass expectations, with the country setting an all-time record in March at 16 mb/d. While the OECD is set to return to growth in 2Q23, its average 2023 increase of 350 kb/d pales in comparison with 1.9 mb/d in non-OECD gains.Significant outages in Iraq, Nigeria and Brazil were only partly offset by increases elsewhere, with global oil…
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Oil Market Report - February 2022
…world oil output could rise by 6.3 mb/d in 2022. That would erode effective spare capacity, which could fall from 5.1 mb/d to 2.5 mb/d by year-end. A further 1.3 mb/d of Iranian crude supply could gradually be brought to market should sanctions be lifted.A reassessment of historical data has resulted in a significant upgrade to our demand estimates. While the revisions lift baseline demand – primarily for Saudi Arabia (in LPG use) and China (in the petrochemical sector) – by nearly 800 kb/d, growth rates are largely unchanged. World oil…
