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Fuel report
Oct 2018
Energy Efficiency 2018
…current technology. This delayed action on energy efficiency ends up locking in inefficiencies that mean much stronger action needs to be taken in the future. 2.2 million barrels of oil per day If all countries had adopted the best passenger fuel economy standards. 16% of industry electricity use If all countries had adopted the strongest electric motor standards. $20 billion If everyone had purchased the top 10% most efficient refrigerators. The Efficient World Scenario So what will the world look like if between now and 2040 countries implemented all the economically viable energy efficiency potential that is available? The…
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Report
Dec 2016
Energy Efficiency Outlook for India: Sizing up the opportunity
This report was produced as part of the Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies (E4) Programme which is managed by the Energy Efficiency Division of the IEA.This analysis aims to inform government, businesses and other stakeholders about the prospects for energy use in India and the role that energy efficiency improvements offer in the period to 2040. It quantifies the potential energy savings and related CO2 emission reductions, and the associated costs and benefits of policies aimed at exploiting that potential. The report also includes energy efficiency policy recommendations for each sector covered.
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Article
09 Feb 2021
E4 Country Profile: Energy Efficiency in India
…scheme, the key policy driving efficiency gains in the industrial sector. The adoption of appliance standards and building codes in some states, coupled with growing energy access and new construction, resulted in policy coverage in the buildings sector of 13% in 2018. In the transport sector, the implementation of passenger car and heavy-duty vehicle standards increased the policy coverage to 6% in 2018. Ambitious plans have also been developed to increase the penetration of electric vehicles. Energy efficiency opportunities Under the Efficient World Scenario, the increase in energy demand could be limited to just 82% between now and 2040…
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Technology report
Nov 2015
Railway Handbook 2015
…the Railway Handbook 2015. For this edition, significant methodological improvements were implemented leading to better consistency between the different indicators presented in this Handbook, in addition to updates of the global data, as well as regional breakdowns for those regions that we consider the most relevant from the point of view of transport activity: European Union, USA, Japan, Russia, India, and China. This edition devotes particular attention to the energy efficiency of rail vehicles. This is achieved by providing information on the energy efficiency of trains in different world regions, with a richer set of indicators for the European Union.
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Country report
Mar 2026
Efficient Grid-Interactive Buildings in India
…and variable supply could jeopardise grid stability and increase system costs. EGIBs offer an important solution for optimising electricity use, reducing peak demand and enhancing system flexibility.Applying a structured framework, this report assesses India’s policy landscape and opportunities across efficiency, decarbonisation, smartness, resilience, materials and building-to-grid interaction. It concludes with recommendations for a comprehensive policy package that encompasses regulations, incentives and information. Scaling up the adoption of efficient grid-interactive buildings would enable India to align its fast-growing building stock with national climate goals and international commitments while lowering system costs and enhancing energy security.
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Statistics report
Sep 2025
Cost of Capital Observatory
…economies, updated with 2023 and 2024 data in July and September 2025.A section with Tools and Analysis to help governments understand and quantify the main underlying risks perceived by investors and financiers in each country.Case Studies with lessons learnt of how policymakers, together with the private sector, development finance institutions and other entities managed to mitigate risks and mobilise capital for clean energy sectors across the emerging and developing world.We hope these resources will help drive policy changes that can lower financing costs in the parts of the world that most need it. Survey documentation Data documentation
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Country report
Jul 2007
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Ireland 2007
…years had strong effects on the energy sector. Due to rapidly increasing demand, Ireland has become much more dependent on international energy markets than it was in the past. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Ireland and suggests solutions, focusing on moving ahead with market reform and increasing the energy efficiency of the Irish economy. Establishing the “All-Island” electricity market will be of critical importance. Sharper focus on energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, but in particular in transport and buildings, must be a priority. Finally, to achieve its ambitious goals for renewables in energy supply…
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Country report
Jun 2000
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Ireland 1999
…the only domestic energy resource in a matter of years, unless new gas development occurs to replace the Ballycotton and Kinsale gas fields. There is no electricity interconnector other than to Northern Ireland, and the single gas interconnector is close to full capacity. Policies on peat have had social objectives. These objectives may not be compatible with economic efficiency and environmental objectives and could have implications for the future of the energy sector. The report also draws attention to the need to develop a comprehensive data base on greenhouse gas emissions. A new programme of energy efficiency measures is needed…
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Country report
Apr 2019
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Ireland 2019 Review
…to transform its energy sector, Ireland is not on course to meet its 2020 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. The decarbonisation of heating in buildings, one focus of this report, is a particular challenge.
In a more positive development, wind power accounted for around one-quarter of total generation in 2017 – the third-highest share of all IEA member countries. Additionally, this report suggests that Ireland has considerable scope to further advance alternative means of transport and public transport infrastructure, especially in urban areas.
In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for further improvements of Ireland’s energy policy to…
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Flagship report
Feb 2021
India Energy Outlook 2021
…further growth in energy demand and infrastructure is huge India is the world’s third-largest energy consuming country, thanks to rising incomes and improving standards of living. Energy use has doubled since 2000, with 80% of demand still being met by coal, oil and solid biomass. On a per capita basis, India’s energy use and emissions are less than half the world average, as are other key indicators such as vehicle ownership, steel and cement output. As India recovers from a Covid-induced slump in 2020, it is re-entering a very dynamic period in its energy development…