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Article
18 Oct 2022
Italy Natural Gas Security Policy
…points, and three (liquefied natural gas) LNG terminals. The vast majority of imports (over 90% in January 2022) come by pipeline.Networks: transmission and distribution Snam Rete Gas (SRG), part of the Snam Group, is Italy’s main gas Transmission System Operator (TSO). SRG operates a nationwide pipeline network of 32 000 km in length and supplies around 95% of the Italian market. All SRG pipelines have reverse flow capability. Società Gasdotti Italia is the second largest transporter of natural gas in Italy, operating pipeline network of around 1 300 km in length, mainly in southern Italy. Infrastrutture Trasporto Gas…
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Article
18 Oct 2022
Italy Oil Security Policy
Country Energy Security Policy - Oil Oil overview Oil consumption declined considerably from 2007-2014, but then remained relatively stable from 2015-2019. It rebounded strongly in 2021 to pre-pandemic levels after falling sharply in 2020. In the short-term, there is little to suggest that oil demand will decline significantly. However, in the medium to long-term, the government expects a major reduction in oil demand, largely as a result of greater use of electric vehicles and alternative fuels in the transportation sector. Italy has a large refining industry and is a significant net exporter of oil products. However…
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Article
30 Jun 2022
Canada Natural Gas Security Policy
…in natural gas infrastructure since 2016, reflecting growth of the Montney basin in Northeast British Columbia and Northwestern Alberta, as well as other shale basins in western Canada. These have been primarily focused on expanding one of Canada’s main pipeline systems, TransCanada’s Nova Gas Transmission Limited (NGTL). The NGTL system, which delivers 75% of Alberta and British Columbia’s natural gas production to national and export markets, is currently undergoing a CAD 9.9 billion (Canadian dollars) expansion programme to address bottlenecks and capacity constraints in the long term. Despite significant build out, challenges remain in natural gas.…
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Article
30 Jun 2022
Canada Oil Security Policy
…As such, Canada does not have an IEA stockholding obligation, does not hold any public emergency oil stocks, nor does it impose stockholding obligations on industry. With a robust oil industry and supply infrastructure, Canada’s emergency policy relies primarily on a well-functioning market to ensure supply security, while at the same time reflecting the jurisdictional authority of provinces and territories over energy resources. In an IEA collective action, Canada would likely contribute with demand restraint measures, either with the federal government coordinating voluntary steps by the provinces and territories, or by mandating implementation under a declared national emergency…
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Article
13 Dec 2021
Fuel economy in Italy
…this time, the sales share of gasoline LDVs has expanded, along with a growing market for hybrid, plug-in and electric vehicles. In 2019, hybrid LDVs had a sales share of 4.0% followed by electric vehicles at 0.6% and plug- in vehicles at 0.3%. Italy is one of few countries with a significant sales share of compressed natural gas (2.2%) and liquefied petroleum gas (6.6%) vehicles in 2019. Overview of current fuel economy policy Voluntary carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions standards were first introduced in the European Union in 1998 and became mandatory in 2009. Corporate…
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Article
13 Dec 2021
Fuel economy in Canada
…s Passenger Automobile and Light Truck GHG Regulations, a 5% annual reduction in CO2-equivalent per mile for passenger cars is required from 2017 to 2025. For light trucks, the stringency of new fleet average greenhouse gas limits increases by 3.5% annually from 2017 to 2021 and 5% annually from 2022 to 2025. In response to propsals in the United States to increase the stringency of emissions standards for model years 2023-2025, Canada has announced intentions of aligning regulations with the most stringent performance standards in North America post-2025, whether that be at the United States federal…
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Article
31 Jul 2020
Italy's legislation on oil security
Introduction Italy’s oil supply emergency regime is primarily governed by the provisions of the 2012 Legislative Decree on Minimum Stocks of Crude Oil (249/2012) (DMS) which implements EU Directive 2009/119/EC. Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant European Union legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering the operation of the national emergency response system The provisions of the DMS are triggered by a major supply disruption (article 20(1) DMS). A major supply disruption exists when there is a ‘substantial and sudden drop’ in the ‘supply of crude oil or petroleum products to the European Union (EU…
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Article
31 Jul 2020
Canada’s legislation on oil security
…Instead, Canada’s ESEA created the Energy Supplies Allocation Board (ESAB) which prepares for emergencies and implements Canada’s oil supply emergency framework at times of crisis. Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering operation of the emergency response system An oil supply emergency exists when there is an actual or anticipated shortages of oil or disturbances in the oil markets that affect or will affect Canada’s national security and welfare and economic stability (article 15(1) ESEA). Authority determining whether emergency exists It is the Canadian Governor in Council who, after the lieutenant governors…
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Article
30 Jun 2022
Canada Electricity Security Policy
Country Energy Security Policy - Electricity Electricity overview and generation portfolio Most of Canada’s electricity systems are part of the integrated North American market, with 98% of Canadians connected to the continent’s bulk power system. Electricity is regularly traded in both directions between Canada and the United States (‘US’ hereafter) (with Canada a net exporter to the US overall). This robust interconnectivity with 37 north-south cross-border transmission lines adds to the east-west tie lines across provincial borders, and allows for a high degree of reliability and resilience to seasonal or unplanned changes in supply and demand…
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Article
16 Aug 2021
Canada Climate Resilience Policy Indicator
…Canada rising more rapidly, by 2.3°C during 1948-2016. Canada’s Changing Climate Report also explains that in terms of seasonal variation, the temperature has increased more strongly in the winter than in the summer.Warming is expected to continue into the future, with an overall temperature increase of between 1.8°C and 6.3°C by the end of the century, depending on greenhouse gas emissions levels. The rise in temperature is likely to be more evident during the winter and in the country’s northern regions.Canada’s rising temperature is already affecting energy demand, reducing the number…