Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Data Explorer
Understanding the contributions of specific fuels and sectors to GHG emissions associated with combustion of fuels from 1971 to 2024 for over 205 countries and 38 regions
Explore the data
The data explorer and the dataset are designed to assist in understanding the contributions of specific fuels and sectors to GHG emissions associated with energy for each country globally. The database includes estimates of total GHG emissions from energy and related indicators, covering CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from fuel combustion, as well as fugitive emissions.
Energy accounts for more than three-quarters of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. The IEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy provides a full analysis of historical country-level emissions stemming from energy use, and has become an essential tool for analysts and policy makers.
In 2024, global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion increased by 1.5% compared with 2023. Fossil fuels continued to represent 80% of the total energy supply (TES) globally, with oil comprising 30%, followed by coal (28%) and natural gas (23%). Global emissions from fuel combustion were dominated by coal (44%), followed by oil (32%) and natural gas (22%).
Explore the evolution of GHG emissions from fuel combustion across a range of countries and compare the shares of different products in the total energy supply and their respective contributions to fuel combustion emissions in the interactive chart below.
Fugitive emissions represented around 9% of total energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in 2024. These emissions are associated with the production, processing, transport and distribution of fuels and are an important component of emissions from the energy sector.
Explore the contributions of fugitive emissions and fuel combustion emissions in the chart below. For more information on methane emissions from the energy sector, see the IEA Global Methane Tracker.
Changes in the structural composition of the economy have significant implications for emissions. While developed countries have largely de-coupled economic growth from emissions, there is still a high correlation between wealth and GHG emissions in emerging economies.
Explore the evolution of these socioeconomic indicators across a range of countries and regions in our interactive chart below.
After allocating electricity and heat emissions to final sectors, industry continued to be the largest emitting sector in 2024, contributing around 37% of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Emissions from the transport sector accounted for 25% of global emissions, while buildings represented 26%.
Explore CO2 emissions from fuel combustion across sectors and a range of countries and regions in our interactive chart below.
In 2024 electricity and heat generation were responsible for 44% of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, with coal plants emitting around 73% of the total electricity and heat emissions. CO2 emissions from electricity generation result from the combined effect of the following drivers: electricity output, generation efficiency, the share of fossil fuels in total generation, and the carbon intensity of fossil generation.
Explore how these factors combined have affected emissions across a range of countries and regions in our interactive charts below.