Total public energy RD&D budgets per thousand units of GDP by country for 2021

Notes

Total RD&D in nominal national currencies divided by GDP in nominal national currencies at market prices and volumes, expressed in thousand units of GDP. The amounts shown are based on 2021 energy RD&D budgets for: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States. The amounts shown are based on 2020 energy RD&D budgets for: Austria, Brazil, Finland, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, United Kingdom and the European Union. The amounts shown are based on 2019 energy RD&D budgets for: Italy. No recent data were available for Greece and Luxembourg. Data for the United States were estimated by IEA Secretariat. European Union refers to the European Union budget under Horizon 2020 and the Innovation Fund, and not to the sum of national budgets of European Union member countries. * Brazil is an IEA association country.