Renewable fuel demand to meet the proposed IMO net-zero framework, main and accelerated, 2030 to 2035

Last updated 30 Sep 2025

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Sources

IEA (2024) World Energy Outlook.

Notes

Total shipping fuel demand estimates to 2035 based on the IEA’s world energy outlooks STEPS scenario for meeting the base target and APS for meeting the direct and base targets with efficiency improvements. Estimates to 2030 assume carbon intensities of 15 gCO2eq/MJ for biofuels and 3 gCO2eq/MJ for hydrogen-based fuels.

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