Inter-regional trade in selected clean energy technologies and by scenario, 2024 and 2035

Sources

IEA analysis based on S&P Global (2025), WindEurope (2023), BNEF (2025b), GWEC (2023), Wood Mackenzie (2025), InfoLink (2025), SPV Market Research (2025), BMI (2024), EV Volumes (2025), IEA (2025b), Atlas EV Hub (2025), CEPII (2025), Sinoimex (2025), as well as announcements by manufacturers and personal communications.

Notes

STEPS = Stated Policies Scenario; NZE = Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario; EVs = electric vehicles. Trade is in net terms by technology, based on the regional groupings used in the Manufacturing and Trade (MaT) model, which align with those used in the Global Energy and Climate model. Intra-regional trade is not included. Values for 2026-2035 are annual averages.