Hydrogen production and transport costs to Germany, 2035

Sources

IEA (2023), Energy Technology Perspectives, IRENA (2024), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023, IRENA (2023), Cost of Financing Renewable Power - Appendix 2023.

Notes

WACC = weighted average cost of capital. Cost decrease to 2035 as per the Stated Policies Scenario. Production in Ukraine based on onshore wind, United Kingdom based on offshore wind and Spain and Morocco based on solar PV and batteries. Solid bars represent the levelised cost if locations had a cost of capital of 4.2%, while the bars with dotted patterns are the cost premium when the country WACC assuming the differentials between countries remain the same as in 2021. A 48-inch pipeline is assumed to be the transport cost, with an additional pattern-filled bar to represent the cost premium for using a 20-inch pipeline. It is assumed that 80% of the pipeline from Ukraine is repurposed, 50% of the one from the United Kingdom and 20% for Morocco and Spain.