Levelised cost of hydrogen production for solar PV using electrolysers manufactured in Europe and imported from China, 2025

Notes

BoP = balance of plant. “100% European” refers to a project configuration which only uses equipment manufactured in Europe, with an electrolyser CAPEX of USD 2 300/kW. “Chinese stack” refers to a project configuration using electrolyser stacks imported from China with all the rest of the equipment procured from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) from Europe, with an electrolyser CAPEX of USD 2 150/kW. “Chinese stack & BoP” refers to a project configuration using electrolyser stacks and the rest of BoP components imported from China, with an electrolyser CAPEX of USD 1 800/kW. The total import cost of Chinese components includes the manufacturing cost in China, shipping costs and an import tariff of 3.7% tariff on electrolyser stacks and 2% on BoP components. Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) and contingency costs are considered to be at European prices for all project configurations.