Annual VRE shares in generation and technical curtailment for selected countries and regions

Sources

IEA analysis based on data from Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Quarterly Energy Dynamics (multiple releases); Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional de Chile (CEN), Reducciones de energía eólica y solar en el SEN (multiple releases); National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS), China Energy Datasheet 2000-2024; Bundesnetzagentur, Monitoring Report 2022; Gestore Servizi Energetici (GSE), Rapporto attivita 2021; EirGrid, Renewable Dispatch-Down (Constraint and Curtailment) reports (multiple releases); Hokkaido Electric Power Network, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Tohoku Electric Power Network, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); TEPCO Power Grid, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Chubu Electric Power Grid, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Hokuriku Electric Power Transmission & Distribution, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Kansai Transmission and Distribution, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Chugoku Electric Power Transmission & Distribution, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Shikoku Electric Power Transmission & Distribution, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Kyushu Electric Power Transmission and Distribution, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Okinawa Electric Power, area supply and demand data (multiple releases); Red Eléctrica de España (REE), I3DIA (multiple releases) and Sistema de Información del Operador del Sistema (e·sios); Renewable Energy Foundation (REF), Balancing Mechanism Wind Farm Constraint Payments.

Notes

VRE = variable renewable energy. Each dot represents one year. Data points indicate officially reported curtailed or constrained energy generation and combine various schemes, depending on the country. VRE refers to solar PV and wind unless otherwise specified. The United Kingdom includes wind only. Technical curtailment is the dispatching-down of renewable energy for network or system reasons; dispatched-down energy due to economic or market conditions is not included. The graph covers 2010-2025, but the range varies among countries depending on data availability. The points that refer to 2025 include several months for both curtailment rate and generation share, depending on data availability; this is the case for Chile, Germany, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom.