-
South Africa
…considerable margin. Regarding the future fuel mix, nearly a third of respondents agreed with the statement: “it does not matter which source, as long as it is the cheapest”. But a quarter of respondents explicitly supported renewable energy sources, with a further 14% placing emphasis on sources that are not damaging to the environment.
The government will face complex choices as it pursues its objectives of diversifying and reducing the environmental impact of the country's energy mix, and needs to pursue an active policy of public engagement in the debate. But South Africa’s combination of integrated policymaking, strong…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![South Africa Flag]()
-
Road
More stringent and broader coverage of fuel efficiency standards for light-duty vehicles is needed
For cars and vans, increasing fuel efficiency standards is important as even in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, nearly 80% of cars and vans on the road in 2030 are still powered with internal combustion engines. Sales of heavier, less efficient SUVs reached around 46% of global sales in 2022, while electric vehicles were just 14% of sales. More and more countries are formulating vehicle efficiency standards and some are even putting in place zero-emission vehicle sales requirements. To be in line…
-
Delivering Sustainable Fuels
…are particularly important for sectors that continue to be reliant on fuel-based solutions such as aviation, shipping, and parts of road transport and industry. Sustainable fuels can also enhance energy security, strengthen environmental sustainability and stimulate economic development, particularly in rural areas.If fully legislated and implemented, current and proposed national and international policies would put the use of sustainable liquid and gaseous fuels on a path to nearly double from 2024 levels by 2030 and quadruple by 2035. Progress must occur on multiple fronts to increase uptake and foster a large and diverse set of sustainable fuel pathways…
-
Emission reductions
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores emission reductions. Why is energy efficiency important for emission reductions? Energy efficiency can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and make the energy system more sustainable. Key facts Since 2010, efficiency measures avoided energy-related carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions equivalent to nearly 20% of the global total in 2023. This is more than the entire energy-related emissions of India and the European Union combined. Accelerating efficiency improvements could deliver a third of all energy-related CO₂ emission reductions between now and 2030 in…
-
Affordability
…energy services. For many products, such as refrigerators, highly efficient models use less than half of the energy of inefficient models. A best-in-class model can save up to 40% in total lifetime cost (purchase and energy) compared with an inefficient one.Energy efficiency can lead to an improved quality of life. For instance, in sub‑Saharan Africa, 80% of the population could afford to buy and use all key appliances – including lights, TV, fans and a refrigerator – when choosing high‑efficiency models, provided there is sufficient access to electricity. This figure drops to 50% when choosing low‑efficiency models, leading many…
-
Bioenergy
…of the forecasted growth. All five countries and regions have dedicated support policies for several – and, in some cases, all – renewable fuels. These vary by fuel, sector and country, but they often include a combination of mandates, greenhouse gas performance criteria, and incentives to invest in direct production and related assets.
Bioenergy – including liquid, gaseous and solid fuels – accounts for the vast majority (95%) of renewable fuel growth to 2030. New demand for bioenergy is set to expand the most in the industrial sector, followed by transport and buildings, though the type of bioenergy differs by sector. Modern bioenergy is…
-
Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa
…economic benefits of the new energy economy are currently distributed very unevenly. Emerging markets and developing economies other than China account for less than 5% of the value generated from producing key energy technologies today. In Africa, there are currently only a small number of facilities dedicated to the beneficiation and processing of critical minerals and resources essential for energy technologies and materials, and only a handful of plants for manufacturing such technologies. In light of this, the government of South Africa requested that the IEA provide insights into potential opportunities for sustainable industrialisation in Africa to inform discussions at the…
-
Senegal
In Senegal, 65% of the population has access to electricity. Strong policies and incentives have supported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) use and less than 25% of the urban population now relies on solid biomass for cooking.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Senegal Flag]()
-
Mauritania
In 2019, Mauritania’s energy mix was dominated by oil products (65%) and biofuels and waste (32%). In 2020, 43% of the population had access to clean cooking which is the highest share in West Africa. In 2020, 47% of the population had access to electricity. For electricity access, the country targets universal access in urban areas and doubling of the current rate in rural areas by 2024, with country-wide universal access by 2030. For clean cooking, the target is 100% access to LPG in urban areas and 50% access to LPG in rural areas by 2030.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Mauritania Flag]()
-
Malaysia
In Malaysia, the share of gas in the power mix decreased from 67% in 2005 to 47% in 2015, led by policies to switch to coal in response to declining domestic gas production. The country holds a large share of Southeast Asia’s fossil fuel resources.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Malaysia Flag]()
