• Country

        Botswana

        Coal production is set to increase in Botswana, but exports remain limited and mainly involve trade with neighbouring countries. Regarding electrification rates, the country has recently made good progress through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.

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        • Country

        Ukraine

        Ukraine is a key country for European and global energy security. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed it to fundamentally reshape its past dependence on energy imports from Russia.
        As the invasion continues, Ukraine is focused on tracking large-scale energy supply disruptions and actively working to recover power and heating for civilians. It is also putting together an ambitious recovery and reconstruction plan, with a strong focus on energy security. In the medium-term, Ukraine’s energy strategy remains focused on European integration, while it aims to an energy system that is ready for a Net Zero future…

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        • Topic

        Fossil Fuel Subsidies

        …coal, these are based on the import parity price: the price of a product at the nearest international hub, adjusted for quality differences, if necessary, plus the cost of freight and insurance to the net importer, plus the cost of internal distribution and marketing and any value-added tax (VAT). VAT was added to the reference price where the tax is levied on final energy sales, as a proxy for the tax on economic activities levied across an economy. Other taxes, including excise duties, are not included in the reference price.For net exporters of oil, natural gas and coal…

        • Contributor

        Edith Bayer

        Former Energy Policy Analyst, Energy Efficiency.

        • Country

        Gabon

        Almost two-thirds of the population of Gabon has access to electricity. The country can partially rely on its 150 thousand barrels per day hydrocarbon liquids production and has recently implemented a new petroleum legislation.

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        • Country

        Cuba

        Cuba’s energy supply mainly comes from oil products, accounting for over 80% of power generation.

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        • Country

        South Sudan

        South Sudan is one of Eastern Africa's major oil resource holders but exported more than 85% of its production in 2014. Only 1% of the population had access to electricity in the country in 2017.

        South Sudan Flag

        • Topic

        Energy Security

        …2025, the IEA convened an International Summit on the Future of Energy Security, hosted by the UK government in London. The event gathered world leaders to address traditional and emerging risks related to energy security in an era of geopolitical strains, technological transformation and a changing climate.  Oil security One of the IEA's core missions is to ensure oil supply security through market monitoring, stockholding requirements and collective actions The IEA was founded in 1974 to ensure oil supply security. While much has changed in the global energy landscape since then, the security of oil supply remains a pressing concern for…

        • Country

        Democratic Republic of the Congo

        The Democratic Republic of the Congo has huge hydropower potential while also dealing with extreme energy poverty. Foreign investors are currently partially lifting constraints on the country’s hydropower capacity, which is bringing down the costs of power supply and reducing the share of oil-fired power.

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        • Country

        Angola

        Angola is set to become the largest producer of crude oil in Southern Africa, yet has also set the foundation for the sustainable development of renewables, through investments and supportive measures. Angola has particularly strong hydropower generation potential that remains underutilised.

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