• Policy

        • United States

        • 2024

        Section 301, Trade Act 1974

        …powers, in May 2024 the US increased tariffs on USD 18 billion of imports from China “in response to China’s unfair trade practices and to counteract the resulting harms,” and “protect American workers and businesses”:The tariff rate on certain steel and aluminium products will increase from 0–7.5% to 25% in 2024.The tariff rate on semiconductors will increase from 25% to 50% by 2025.The tariff rate on electric vehicles will increase from 25% to 100% in 2024.The tariff rate on lithium-ion EV batteries will increase from 7.5% to 25% in 2024, while…

        • Policy

        • European Union

        • 2021

        European Raw Materials Alliance

        …2022, ERMA has identified 14 projects to enhance mining, magnet production and recycling with an overall investment need of about EUR 1.7 billion that it plans on addressing through a mix of subsidies and sales quotas on the European and member state levels. ERMA also supports research and development projects, particularly those dealing with recycling and the circular economy.The Alliance’s objectives include:Bolstering the creation of environmentally sustainable and socially equitable innovations and infrastructureImplementing a circular economy of complex products like electric vehicles, clean tech, and hydrogen equipmentSupporting Europe’s raw materials industry capability, to extract, design…

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2023

        UBA (German Environment Agency) RFNBO recognition to contribute to GHG quota

        …RFNBOs), aligning certification, definitions, and methodology with EU RFNBO Delegated Acts. Introduced in 2015, the GHG quota system replaced biofuel blending mandates, with targets rising from 3.5% in 2015 to 25% by 2030. Fuel suppliers are responsible for compliance, and electricity used in electric vehicles also counts toward the quota, limiting RFNBO uptake. Non-compliance incurs a €600/tCO₂ penalty, while tradeable certificates create a variable incentive based on market dynamics. Multipliers for transport start at 3 in 2024 and phase out by 2038, with higher values for aviation and shipping. As of February 2025, UBA recognizes CertifHy, ISSC…

        • Policy

        • Spain

        • 2009

        Automotive Sector Competitiveness Plan

        …and services, oriented towards clean transport; Increase the efficiency and sustainability of production processes; Orient production towards more sustainable products (such as hybrids, electric vehicles, and vehicles with lower emission levels); Improve technical skills; Implement strategies to advance production and organisational processes. The Plan seeks to improve energy efficiency, and spur the development of products that will increase competitiveness in the future, such as hybrid, electric and low-emission vehicles. Projects eligible for funding include: Investments for products that are more environmentally friendly, including those that make efficient use of energy, as well as for more sustainable production processes; Studies…

        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 1997

        Environmental investment allowance schemes (MIA Vamil)

        …advantage to companies in the Netherlands that invest in applicable equipment. Entrepreneurs may deduct part of the investment costs for such equipment from their company’s fiscal profits.  The MIA and VAMIL are two different schemes, but are often combined. Both schemes use a common list, called the Environment List (Milieulijst), which lists all equipment (combined, almost 400 items) eligible for the MIA and/or VAMIL. A new Environment List is released every year. This list also contains a large array of equipment for greenhouse cultivation.

         

        This is one of the primary tax incentives for the rollout of electric vehicles.

        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 2017

        Electricity tax breaks for providing public EV charging infrastructure

        …after the first 10 000 kWh for all electricity consumption up to 50,000 kWh.

         

        The tariff paid after 10 000 kWh is about half the tariff of the first 10 000 kWh so this represents a significant incentive.

         

        To qualify for the tax break, charging stations must meet the following definition: a charging installation for electric vehicles that disposes of an independent (stand-alone) connection. The "stand-alone" provision means that eligible charging points cannot be part of a more encompassing property, to ensure that the tax break is not used to reduce taxes paid on building energy consumption.

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2009

        Government Electromobility Programme

        …other things electromobility is helping implement the "Away From Oil € strategy. The aim of the Government Electromobility Programme is to drive forward research and development for and the market preparation and launch of battery-operated vehicles in Germany. Development of the market is expected to take until 2020, with the market ramp-up phase taking place between now and 2017 and the high-volume market phase from 2017 onwards. The aim is for there to be a million electric vehicles on the German market by 2020. Funds totalling €500m have been made available from the Second Economic Package for…

        • Policy

        • Saudi Arabia

        • 2023

        Saudi Arabia - Vale-Minerals Agreement

        …Manara Minerals, a joint venture  between  Ma’aden, a state owned company,  and  Saudi  Arabia’s  Public  Investment  Fund, signed a binding agreement with Vale  Base  Metals  Limited  (VBM) for an equity interest of 10% at an enterprise implied value of US$26 billion. The partnership will expand VBM's copper and nickel production, and will allow Manara Minerals access to VBM mining projects in Canada, Brazil, and Indonesia. Therefore, Saudi Arabia will secure high purity minerals such as copper, nickel, and lithium, which are essential for the Kingdom's 2030 domestic manufacturing vision of electric vehicles, aluminum, and battery cells.

        • Policy

        • Slovak Republic

        • 2025

        Fast-charging network investment plan

        Company MH Invest, a state-owned company, is responsible for installing a minimum of 228  ultrafast-charging points in Slovakia along TEN-T network. The project will be implemented by the  MH Invest, as the recipient of funds from the Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Slovak Republic, specifically from the Sustainable Transport component. MH Invest,  has announced a public tender to select concessionaires for the construction and operation of a network of ultra-fast charging stations for electric vehicles.

        • Policy

        • Bulgaria

        • 2021

        Bulgaria updated NECP 2021-2030

        Bulgaria aims for energy climate neutrality by 2050, reducing GHG emissions by 55% by 2030, increasing renewable energy share to 34.96%, and promoting energy efficiency, security, and innovation. Goals include modernizing buildings, enhancing energy systems, diversifying energy supplies, and advancing clean technologies like hydrogen and electric vehicles. 

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