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Gas Market Report, Q1-2026 Executive summary
The unfolding LNG wave is expected to drive stronger gas demand growth in 2026 2025 was a transitional year for natural gas markets. While supply fundamentals remained tight in the first half of the year, strong LNG production growth gradually eased market conditions starting from July. Following a relatively strong increase in 2024, global gas demand growth slowed markedly in 2025 due to a combination of weaker industrial activity and relatively high spot LNG prices in the first half of the year. Market opening reforms continued to gather pace in Asia while the European Union reached a historic decision to…
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Energy and Water
…water) into freshwater and concentrated salt. Global energy demand for desalination has nearly doubled since 2010, and current trends point to another doubling to 2030. Some 21,000 desalination plants currently operate in about 150 countries, from the United States and China to Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia – though half of global installed capacity is located in the Middle East and North Africa. Renewables can help ease the energy sector's water problem In a scenario in which global energy sector emissions reach net zero by 2050, water withdrawals by the energy sector decline by almost 20 bcm by…
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Spain
…the energy transition due to its energy and climate change policies. The current Spanish framework for energy and climate is based on the 2050 objectives of national climate neutrality, 100% renewable energy in the electricity mix and 97% renewable energy in the total energy mix. As such, it is centred on the massive development of renewable energy, particularly solar, wind and renewable hydrogen, increasing energy efficiency and improving electrification. This is an opportunity for the country to not only stimulate the economy and by creating jobs through the modernisation of industry, but also to support vulnerable populations, improve energy security…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Iraq
Iraq holds abundant oil and gas resources and has strong solar PV potential. Its production to 2030 is set to be third largest contributor to global oil supply. By the same year, the government expects that renewable capacity will amount for 5% of the country’s total system capacity.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Electrolysers
Country and regional highlights
Progress is spread across different continents, from China, which leads on installed capacity, to the European Union, which have adopted important policies, and other regions like India and the Middle East moving forward with a small number of large-scale projects
Technology deployment
Global installed electrolyser capacity reached 1.4 GW at the end of 2023, almost double the one at the end of 2022
Technology manufacturing
Innovation
Policy
Investment
Acknowledgements
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Germany 2025 Executive summary
… decarbonising heating in buildings; and 3) expanding the role of hydrogen in the energy system. It emphasises the need for long-term policy stability, targeted demand creation, infrastructure development, integrated planning and streamlined permitting to successfully advance Germany’s energy transition.Germany’s transition is crucial not only to meet its climate goals, but also for its energy security and economic competitiveness. It is targeting a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 (from 1990 levels) and climate neutrality by 2045, with the long-standing Energiewende strategy guiding the evolution of its energy system. While this has supported…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Five key questions about hydrogen
…and aviation applications.While challenges remain – including high production costs, demand and regulatory uncertainty, and infrastructure gaps – the positive developments significantly outweigh the setbacks. This is an encouraging sign for a sector that can play an important role in meeting government commitments to address climate change and strengthen energy security, at a moment when geopolitical tensions are rising. How can low-emissions hydrogen demand take off? While investment in low-emissions hydrogen production is gaining momentum, uncertain demand continues to pose a critical challenge to the industry's viability. Cumulative firm offtake agreements account for less than 2 Mtpa – merely 5…
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Poland
Poland’s energy system has seen progress on energy transition, despite its reliance on domestic hard coal and lignite. For example, Poland has one of the fastest growing solar PV markets in the European Union and has also seen a strong uptake of heat pumps. Poland is pushing to become a major player in offshore wind, aiming for at least 3.4 GW of capacity by 2030. However, stronger efforts are needed across all sectors to accelerate energy transition and Poland would benefit from greater electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Morocco
…affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7). The government has achieved almost full access to electricity for its rural population, and it is developing the country’s significant renewable energy resources. However, progress in reducing the energy intensity of Morocco’s economy is more difficult to achieve. While the share of renewables in electricity is progressing fast, its share in total final consumption (TFC) decreased considerably over the past decade, given the expanding energy demand. Morocco has only renewable energy targets for electricity. With a view to meet SDG 7…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
Biogases are a hidden solution to many of today’s energy security and sustainability challenges. They turn waste into sustainable, low-emissions fuels. The attraction of biogases lies in the integration of energy, environment, waste and emissions policies and targets. Biogas can be used directly as heat by households and industry, and to produce electricity. Biomethane, which is an upgraded form of biogas, is a locally sourced, drop-in substitute for natural gas. This report assesses the global potential and costs of developing biogas and biomethane using a first-of-a-kind geospatial analysis. It provides detailed country- and region…
